ecs: create DynTypeId::as_unknown

Before this couldn't be done since lyra-scene could not depend on lyra-resource, it would have caused a cyclic dependency. The last commit, where I created lyra-gltf from code inside lyra-resource, made this possible

.forgejo/workflows/debug.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: CI
+
+env:
+  # Runners don't expose the TSC but we want to make sure these tests work, so we
+  # can ignore it.
+  TRACY_NO_INVARIANT_CHECK: 1
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: docker
+    container: git.seanomik.net/seanomik/rust-nightly:2023-11-21-bookworm
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install system dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt update
+          apt install libudev-dev lua5.4 liblua5.4-dev -y
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cargo build
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          cargo test --all

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 [submodule "lyra-scripting/elua"]
-	path = lyra-scripting/elua
+	path = crates/lyra-scripting/elua
 	url = ../elua.git # git@git.seanomik.net:SeanOMik/elua.git
+[submodule "wgsl-preprocessor"]
+	path = crates/wgsl-preprocessor
+	url = git@git.seanomik.net:SeanOMik/wgsl-preprocessor.git

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -4,6 +4,24 @@
     // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
     "version": "0.2.0",
     "configurations": [
+        {
+            "type": "lldb",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "name": "Debug lyra lua-scripting",
+            "cargo": {
+                "args": [
+                    "build",
+                    "--manifest-path", "${workspaceFolder}/examples/lua-scripting/Cargo.toml"
+                    //"--bin=testbed",
+                ],
+                "filter": {
+                    "name": "lua-scripting",
+                    "kind": "bin"
+                }
+            },
+            "args": [],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/examples/lua-scripting"
+        },
         {
             "type": "lldb",
             "request": "launch",
@@ -22,6 +40,24 @@
             "args": [],
             "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/examples/testbed"
         },
+        {
+            "type": "lldb",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "name": "Debug lyra shadows",
+            "cargo": {
+                "args": [
+                    "build",
+                    "--manifest-path", "${workspaceFolder}/examples/shadows/Cargo.toml"
+                    //"--bin=shadows",
+                ],
+                "filter": {
+                    "name": "shadows",
+                    "kind": "bin"
+                }
+            },
+            "args": [],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/examples/shadows"
+        },
         {
             "type": "lldb",
             "request": "launch",

.woodpecker/.debug.yml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-variables:
-  - &rust_image 'git.seanomik.net/seanomik/rust-nightly:2023-11-21-bookworm'
-
-when:
-  event: [push, manual, pull_request]
-  branch: main
-
-steps:
-  Build - Debug:
-    image: *rust_image
-    commands:
-    - apt update
-    - apt install libudev-dev lua5.4 liblua5.4-dev -y
-    - cargo build
-
-  Test - Debug:
-    image: *rust_image
-    commands:
-    - apt update
-    - apt install libudev-dev lua5.4 liblua5.4-dev -y
-    - cargo test --all

.woodpecker/.release.yml

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-variables:
-  - &rust_image 'git.seanomik.net/seanomik/rust-nightly:2023-11-21-bookworm'
-
-when:
-  event: [release, pull_request, manual]
-
-steps:
-  Build - Release:
-    image: *rust_image
-    commands:
-    - apt update
-    - apt install libudev-dev lua5.4 liblua5.4-dev -y
-    - cargo build --release
-
-  Test - Release:
-    image: *rust_image
-    commands:
-    - apt update
-    - apt install libudev-dev lua5.4 liblua5.4-dev -y
-    - cargo test --all --release

Cargo.toml

@@ -5,19 +5,15 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [workspace]
 members = [
-    "examples/testbed",
-    "lyra-resource",
-    "lyra-ecs",
-    "lyra-reflect",
-    "lyra-scripting",
-    "lyra-game",
-    "lyra-math",
-    "lyra-scene",
-
-    "examples/many-lights",
+    "crates/*",
+    
+    "examples/2d",
     "examples/fixed-timestep-rotating-model",
     "examples/lua-scripting",
-    "examples/simple_scene"
+    "examples/many-lights",
+    "examples/shadows",
+    "examples/simple_scene",
+    "examples/testbed",
 ]
 
 [features]
@@ -26,11 +22,11 @@ lua_scripting = ["scripting", "lyra-scripting/lua"]
 tracy = ["lyra-game/tracy"]
 
 [dependencies]
-lyra-game = { path = "lyra-game" }
-lyra-scripting = { path = "lyra-scripting", optional = true }
+lyra-game = { path = "crates/lyra-game" }
+lyra-scripting = { path = "crates/lyra-scripting", optional = true }
 
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 1
+#[profile.dev]
+#opt-level = 1
 
 [profile.release]
 debug = true

crates/lyra-ecs/src/archetype.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
-use std::{ptr::{NonNull, self}, alloc::{self, Layout, alloc, dealloc}, mem, collections::HashMap, cell::{RefCell, Ref, RefMut, BorrowError, BorrowMutError}, ops::DerefMut};
+use std::{
+    alloc::{self, alloc, dealloc, Layout},
+    cell::{BorrowError, BorrowMutError, Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
+    collections::HashMap,
+    mem,
+    ops::DerefMut,
+    ptr::{self, NonNull},
+};
 
-use crate::{bundle::Bundle, component_info::ComponentInfo, world::ArchetypeEntityId, DynTypeId, Entity, Tick};
+use crate::{
+    bundle::Bundle, component_info::ComponentInfo, world::ArchetypeEntityId, DynTypeId, Entity,
+    Tick,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ComponentColumn {
@@ -32,8 +42,9 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
     pub unsafe fn alloc(component_layout: Layout, capacity: usize) -> NonNull<u8> {
         let new_layout = Layout::from_size_align(
             component_layout.size().checked_mul(capacity).unwrap(),
-            component_layout.align()
-        ).unwrap();
+            component_layout.align(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
 
         if let Some(data) = NonNull::new(alloc(new_layout)) {
             data
@@ -44,7 +55,7 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
 
     pub unsafe fn new(info: ComponentInfo, capacity: usize) -> Self {
         let data = ComponentColumn::alloc(info.layout(), capacity);
-        
+
         Self {
             data: RefCell::new(data),
             capacity,
@@ -55,7 +66,7 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
     }
 
     /// Set a component from pointer at an entity index.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety
     /// This column must have space to fit the component, if it does not have room it will panic.
     pub unsafe fn set_at(&mut self, entity_index: usize, comp_src: NonNull<u8>, tick: Tick) {
@@ -63,7 +74,7 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
 
         let mut data = self.data.borrow_mut();
         let data = data.deref_mut();
-        
+
         let size = self.info.layout().size();
         let dest = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr().add(entity_index * size));
         ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(comp_src.as_ptr(), dest.as_ptr(), size);
@@ -83,7 +94,7 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
 
         let mut data = self.data.borrow_mut();
         let data = data.deref_mut();
-        
+
         let size = self.info.layout().size();
         let dest = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr().add(entity_index * size));
         ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(comp_src.as_ptr(), dest.as_ptr(), size);
@@ -95,25 +106,25 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
     }
 
     /// Get a component at an entities index.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// This column MUST have the entity. If it does not, it WILL NOT panic and will cause UB.
     pub unsafe fn get<T>(&self, entity_index: usize) -> Ref<T> {
         let data = self.data.borrow();
 
         Ref::map(data, |data| {
-            let ptr = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr()
-                .add(entity_index * self.info.layout().size()))
-                .cast();
+            let ptr =
+                NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr().add(entity_index * self.info.layout().size()))
+                    .cast();
             &*ptr.as_ptr()
         })
     }
 
     /// Get a mutable borrow to the component at an entities index, ticking the entity.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// This column must have the entity.
     pub unsafe fn get_mut<T>(&mut self, entity_index: usize, tick: &Tick) -> RefMut<T> {
         self.entity_ticks[entity_index].tick_to(tick);
@@ -121,22 +132,22 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
         let data = self.data.borrow_mut();
 
         RefMut::map(data, |data| {
-            let ptr = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr()
-                .add(entity_index * self.info.layout().size()))
-                .cast();
+            let ptr =
+                NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr().add(entity_index * self.info.layout().size()))
+                    .cast();
             &mut *ptr.as_ptr()
         })
     }
 
     /// Grow the column to fit `new_capacity` amount of components.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Parameters:
     /// * `new_capacity` - The new capacity of components that can fit in this column.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Note: This does not modify the Tick of this column, since no components were actually modified.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Will panic if `new_capacity` is less than the current capacity of the column.
     pub unsafe fn grow(&mut self, new_capacity: usize) {
         assert!(new_capacity > self.capacity);
@@ -155,7 +166,7 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
             // create a layout with the same alignment, but expand the size of the buffer.
             let old_layout = Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(
                 layout.size().checked_mul(self.capacity).unwrap(),
-                layout.align()
+                layout.align(),
             );
 
             mem::swap(data.deref_mut(), &mut new_ptr);
@@ -163,7 +174,7 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
         } else {
             *data = new_ptr;
         }
-        
+
         self.capacity = new_capacity;
     }
 
@@ -171,19 +182,20 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
     pub unsafe fn remove_component(&mut self, entity_index: usize, tick: &Tick) -> Option<usize> {
         let _ = tick; // may be used at some point
 
-        debug_assert!(self.len > 0, "There are no entities in the Archetype to remove from!");
-        
+        debug_assert!(
+            self.len > 0,
+            "There are no entities in the Archetype to remove from!"
+        );
+
         let mut data = self.data.borrow_mut();
         let data = data.deref_mut();
 
         let size = self.info.layout().size();
-        let mut old_comp_ptr = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr()
-            .add(entity_index * size));
+        let mut old_comp_ptr = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr().add(entity_index * size));
 
         let moved_index = if entity_index != self.len - 1 {
             let moved_index = self.len - 1;
-            let mut new_comp_ptr = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr()
-                .add(moved_index * size));
+            let mut new_comp_ptr = NonNull::new_unchecked(data.as_ptr().add(moved_index * size));
 
             ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(new_comp_ptr.as_ptr(), old_comp_ptr.as_ptr(), size);
 
@@ -193,13 +205,43 @@ impl ComponentColumn {
             self.entity_ticks.swap_remove(entity_index);
 
             Some(moved_index)
-        } else { None };
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
 
         self.len -= 1;
 
         moved_index
     }
 
+    /// Get the pointer of the component for an entity.
+    ///
+    /// It is assumed that the component will be mutated, meaning the component's tick will be
+    /// updated.
+    pub fn component_ptr(&mut self, entity_index: usize, tick: &Tick) -> NonNull<u8> {
+        self.entity_ticks[entity_index] = *tick;
+        let size = self.info.layout().size();
+        unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(self.borrow_ptr().as_ptr().add(entity_index * size)) }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the pointer of the component for an entity without ticking.
+    /// 
+    /// Since this does not tick, only use this if you know the pointer will not be mutated.
+    pub fn component_ptr_non_tick(&self, entity_index: usize) -> NonNull<u8> {
+        let size = self.info.layout().size();
+        unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(self.borrow_ptr().as_ptr().add(entity_index * size)) }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the tick of a component for an entity.
+    pub fn component_tick(&self, entity_index: usize) -> Option<Tick> {
+        self.entity_ticks.get(entity_index).cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub fn component_has_changed(&self, entity_index: usize, world_tick: Tick) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.component_tick(entity_index)
+            .map(|tick| *tick >= *world_tick - 1)
+    }
+
     pub fn borrow_ptr(&self) -> Ref<NonNull<u8>> {
         self.data.borrow()
     }
@@ -226,13 +268,13 @@ impl ArchetypeId {
     pub(crate) fn increment(&mut self) -> Self {
         let v = self.0;
         self.0 += 1;
-        
+
         ArchetypeId(v)
     }
 }
 
 /// Stores a group of entities with matching components.
-/// 
+///
 /// An Archetype can be thought of as a table, with entities as the rows and the entity's
 /// components as each column. This means you can have tightly packed components of entities and
 /// quickly iterate through entities with the same components.
@@ -248,7 +290,7 @@ pub struct Archetype {
     /// Can be used to map `ArchetypeEntityId` to an Entity since `ArchetypeEntityId` has
     /// the index that the entity is stored at.
     pub(crate) entities: Vec<Entity>,
-    pub(crate) columns: Vec<ComponentColumn>,
+    pub columns: Vec<ComponentColumn>,
     capacity: usize,
 }
 
@@ -267,9 +309,10 @@ impl Archetype {
     }
 
     pub fn from_bundle_info(new_id: ArchetypeId, bundle_info: Vec<ComponentInfo>) -> Archetype {
-        let columns = bundle_info.into_iter().map(|i| {
-            unsafe { ComponentColumn::new(i, DEFAULT_CAPACITY) }
-        }).collect();
+        let columns = bundle_info
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|i| unsafe { ComponentColumn::new(i, DEFAULT_CAPACITY) })
+            .collect();
 
         Archetype {
             id: new_id,
@@ -281,13 +324,18 @@ impl Archetype {
     }
 
     /// Add an entity and its component bundle to the Archetype
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety:
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Archetype must contain all of the components
-    pub(crate) fn add_entity<B>(&mut self, entity: Entity, bundle: B, tick: &Tick) -> ArchetypeEntityId
+    pub(crate) fn add_entity<B>(
+        &mut self,
+        entity: Entity,
+        bundle: B,
+        tick: &Tick,
+    ) -> ArchetypeEntityId
     where
-        B: Bundle
+        B: Bundle,
     {
         if self.capacity == self.entity_ids.len() {
             let new_cap = self.capacity * 2;
@@ -301,28 +349,49 @@ impl Archetype {
         self.entities.push(entity);
 
         bundle.take(|data, type_id, info| {
-            self.put_component_at(tick, data, type_id, info.layout().size(), entity_index.0 as _);
+            self.put_component_at(
+                tick,
+                data,
+                type_id,
+                info.layout().size(),
+                entity_index.0 as _,
+            );
         });
-        
+
         entity_index
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn put_component_at(&mut self, tick: &Tick, ptr: NonNull<u8>, type_id: DynTypeId, size: usize, index: usize) {
+    pub(crate) fn put_component_at(
+        &mut self,
+        tick: &Tick,
+        ptr: NonNull<u8>,
+        type_id: DynTypeId,
+        size: usize,
+        index: usize,
+    ) {
         let _ = size;
 
         let col = self.get_column_mut(type_id).unwrap();
         //unsafe { col.set_at(index, ptr, *tick) };
-        unsafe { col.insert_entity(index, ptr, *tick); }
+        unsafe {
+            col.insert_entity(index, ptr, *tick);
+        }
     }
 
     /// Removes an entity from the Archetype and frees its components.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Inside the component columns, the entities are swap-removed. Meaning that the last
     /// entity in the column is moved in the position of the entity that was removed.
     /// If there was an entity that was swapped, this function returns the entity, and its
     /// new index in the archetype that was put in place of the removed entity.
-    pub(crate) fn remove_entity(&mut self, entity: Entity, tick: &Tick) -> Option<(Entity, ArchetypeEntityId)> {
-        let entity_index = self.entity_ids.remove(&entity)
+    pub(crate) fn remove_entity(
+        &mut self,
+        entity: Entity,
+        tick: &Tick,
+    ) -> Option<(Entity, ArchetypeEntityId)> {
+        let entity_index = self
+            .entity_ids
+            .remove(&entity)
             .expect("The entity is not in this Archetype!");
         let mut removed_entity: Option<(Entity, ArchetypeEntityId)> = None;
 
@@ -339,19 +408,19 @@ impl Archetype {
                     removed_entity = Some((just_removed, ArchetypeEntityId(moved_idx as u64)));
                 }
             } else {
-                // If there wasn't a moved entity, make sure no other columns moved something. 
+                // If there wasn't a moved entity, make sure no other columns moved something.
                 assert!(removed_entity.is_none());
             }
         }
 
         // safe from the .expect at the start of this method.
         //self.entity_ids.remove(&entity).unwrap();
-        
+
         // update the archetype index of the moved entity
         if let Some((moved, _old_idx)) = removed_entity {
             self.entity_ids.insert(moved, entity_index);
         }
-        
+
         let removed = self.entities.swap_remove(entity_index.0 as _);
         assert_eq!(removed, entity);
 
@@ -362,8 +431,12 @@ impl Archetype {
     /// Returns a boolean indicating whether this archetype can store the TypeIds given
     pub fn is_archetype_for(&self, types: &Vec<DynTypeId>) -> bool {
         if types.len() == self.columns.len() {
-            self.columns.iter().all(|c| types.contains(&c.info.type_id()))
-        } else { false }
+            self.columns
+                .iter()
+                .all(|c| types.contains(&c.info.type_id()))
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
     }
 
     /// Returns a boolean indicating whether this archetype has a column for `comp_type`
@@ -383,18 +456,20 @@ impl Archetype {
     }
 
     /// Grows columns in the archetype
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Parameters:
     /// * `new_capacity` - The new capacity of components that can fit in this column.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Will panic if new_capacity is less than the current capacity
     fn grow_columns(&mut self, new_capacity: usize) {
         assert!(new_capacity > self.capacity);
 
         for c in self.columns.iter_mut() {
-            unsafe { c.grow(new_capacity); }
+            unsafe {
+                c.grow(new_capacity);
+            }
         }
 
         self.capacity = new_capacity;
@@ -412,11 +487,16 @@ impl Archetype {
     }
 
     /// Returns a mutable borrow to a component column for `type_id`.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// Note: This does not modify the tick for the column!
-    pub fn get_column_mut<I: Into<DynTypeId>>(&mut self, type_id: I) -> Option<&mut ComponentColumn> {
+    pub fn get_column_mut<I: Into<DynTypeId>>(
+        &mut self,
+        type_id: I,
+    ) -> Option<&mut ComponentColumn> {
         let type_id = type_id.into();
-        self.columns.iter_mut().find(|c| c.info.type_id() == type_id)
+        self.columns
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|c| c.info.type_id() == type_id)
     }
 
     /// Reserves a slot in the columns for an entity and returns the index of that reserved spot
@@ -427,8 +507,11 @@ impl Archetype {
             self.capacity = new_cap;
         }
 
-        debug_assert_eq!(self.entity_ids.len(), self.entities.len(),
-            "Somehow the Archetype's entity storage got unsynced");
+        debug_assert_eq!(
+            self.entity_ids.len(),
+            self.entities.len(),
+            "Somehow the Archetype's entity storage got unsynced"
+        );
         let entity_index = ArchetypeEntityId(self.entity_ids.len() as u64);
         self.entity_ids.insert(entity, entity_index);
         self.entities.push(entity);
@@ -442,12 +525,15 @@ impl Archetype {
 
     /// Ensure that the internal entity lists are synced in length
     pub(crate) fn ensure_synced(&self) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(self.entity_ids.len(), self.entities.len(),
-            "Somehow the Archetype's entity storage got unsynced");
+        debug_assert_eq!(
+            self.entity_ids.len(),
+            self.entities.len(),
+            "Somehow the Archetype's entity storage got unsynced"
+        );
     }
 
     /// Moves the entity from this archetype into another one.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Safety
     /// The entity IS NOT removed from the old archetype. You must manually call [`Archetype::remove_entity`](crate::Archetype).
     /// It was done this way because I had some borrow check issues when writing [`World::insert`](crate::World)
@@ -463,7 +549,7 @@ impl Archetype {
         // move the existing components into the new archetype
         for col in self.columns.iter() {
             let into_col = into_arch.get_column_mut(col.info.type_id()).unwrap();
-            
+
             // copy from the old column into the new column, then remove it from the old one
             unsafe {
                 let ptr = col.borrow_ptr();
@@ -514,19 +600,20 @@ impl Archetype {
     }
 
     /// Extend the Archetype by adding more columns.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// In order to extend the Archetype, the archetype needs the components for the entities
     /// it already has. These are provided through the `new_columns` parameter. **If the Vec
     /// does not have the same amount of bundles in it as the amount of entities in the
     /// Archetype, it will panic!**
     pub fn extend<B: Bundle>(&mut self, tick: &Tick, new_columns: Vec<B>) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(new_columns.len(), self.len(), "The amount of provided column does not \
-            match the amount of entities");
-        
-        let column_info = new_columns.iter()
-            .next()
-            .unwrap()
-            .info();
+        debug_assert_eq!(
+            new_columns.len(),
+            self.len(),
+            "The amount of provided column does not \
+            match the amount of entities"
+        );
+
+        let column_info = new_columns.iter().next().unwrap().info();
 
         for coli in column_info.into_iter() {
             let col = unsafe { ComponentColumn::new(coli, self.capacity) };
@@ -534,11 +621,9 @@ impl Archetype {
         }
 
         for (eid, bundle) in new_columns.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            bundle.take(|ptr, tyid, _size| {
-                unsafe {
-                    let col = self.get_column_mut(tyid).unwrap();
-                    col.insert_entity(eid, ptr, tick.clone());
-                }
+            bundle.take(|ptr, tyid, _size| unsafe {
+                let col = self.get_column_mut(tyid).unwrap();
+                col.insert_entity(eid, ptr, tick.clone());
             });
         }
     }
@@ -550,7 +635,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     use rand::Rng;
 
-    use crate::{bundle::Bundle, tests::{Vec2, Vec3}, ComponentInfo, DynTypeId, DynamicBundle, Entity, EntityId, Tick};
+    use crate::{
+        bundle::Bundle,
+        tests::{Vec2, Vec3},
+        ComponentInfo, DynTypeId, DynamicBundle, Entity, EntityId, Tick,
+    };
 
     use super::Archetype;
 
@@ -559,7 +648,7 @@ mod tests {
         let bundle = (Vec2::new(10.0, 20.0),);
         let entity = Entity {
             id: EntityId(0),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
 
         let mut a = Archetype::from_bundle_info(super::ArchetypeId(0), bundle.info());
@@ -572,10 +661,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn one_entity_two_component() {
-        let bundle = (Vec2::new(10.0, 20.0),Vec3::new(15.0, 54.0, 84.0));
+        let bundle = (Vec2::new(10.0, 20.0), Vec3::new(15.0, 54.0, 84.0));
         let entity = Entity {
             id: EntityId(0),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
 
         let mut a = Archetype::from_bundle_info(super::ArchetypeId(0), bundle.info());
@@ -595,12 +684,12 @@ mod tests {
         let b1 = (Vec2::new(10.0, 20.0),);
         let e1 = Entity {
             id: EntityId(0),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
         let b2 = (Vec2::new(19.0, 43.0),);
         let e2 = Entity {
             id: EntityId(1),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
 
         let mut a = Archetype::from_bundle_info(super::ArchetypeId(0), b1.info());
@@ -619,12 +708,12 @@ mod tests {
         let b1 = (Vec2::new(10.0, 20.0), Vec3::new(84.0, 283.0, 28.0));
         let e1 = Entity {
             id: EntityId(0),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
         let b2 = (Vec2::new(19.0, 43.0), Vec3::new(74.0, 28.0, 93.0));
         let e2 = Entity {
             id: EntityId(1),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
 
         let mut a = Archetype::from_bundle_info(super::ArchetypeId(0), b1.info());
@@ -659,7 +748,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn auto_archetype_growth() {
         let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
         let bundle_count = rng.gen_range(50..150);
-        
+
         let mut bundles: Vec<(Vec2,)> = vec![];
         bundles.reserve(bundle_count);
 
@@ -669,14 +758,14 @@ mod tests {
         for i in 0..bundle_count {
             let c = (Vec2::rand(),);
             bundles.push(c);
-            
+
             a.add_entity(
                 Entity {
                     id: EntityId(i as u64),
-                    generation: 0
+                    generation: 0,
                 },
                 c,
-                &Tick::default()
+                &Tick::default(),
             );
         }
         println!("Inserted {} entities", bundle_count);
@@ -701,25 +790,27 @@ mod tests {
             a.add_entity(
                 Entity {
                     id: EntityId(i as u64),
-                    generation: 0
+                    generation: 0,
                 },
                 (bundles[i],),
-                &Tick::default()
+                &Tick::default(),
             );
         }
 
         // Remove the 'middle' entity in the column
-        let moved_entity = a.remove_entity(
-            Entity {
-                id: EntityId(1u64),
-                generation: 0,
-            },
-            &Tick::default()
-        ).expect("No entity was moved");
+        let moved_entity = a
+            .remove_entity(
+                Entity {
+                    id: EntityId(1u64),
+                    generation: 0,
+                },
+                &Tick::default(),
+            )
+            .expect("No entity was moved");
 
         // The last entity in the column should have been moved
         assert!(moved_entity.0.id.0 == 2);
-        assert!(moved_entity.1.0 == 1);
+        assert!(moved_entity.1 .0 == 1);
 
         // make sure that the entities' component was actually moved in the column
         let col = &a.columns[0];
@@ -731,7 +822,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn dynamic_archetype() {
         let layout = Layout::new::<u32>();
-        let info = ComponentInfo::new_unknown(Some("u32".to_string()), DynTypeId::Unknown(100), layout);
+        let info =
+            ComponentInfo::new_unknown(Some("u32".to_string()), DynTypeId::Unknown(100), layout);
         let infos = vec![info.clone()];
 
         let mut a = Archetype::from_bundle_info(super::ArchetypeId(0), infos);
@@ -744,10 +836,10 @@ mod tests {
         a.add_entity(
             Entity {
                 id: EntityId(0),
-                generation: 0
+                generation: 0,
             },
             dynamic_bundle,
-            &Tick::default()
+            &Tick::default(),
         );
 
         let col = a.columns.iter().next().unwrap();
@@ -764,15 +856,11 @@ mod tests {
 
         let ae = Entity {
             id: EntityId(0),
-            generation: 0
+            generation: 0,
         };
 
-        a.add_entity(
-            ae,
-            Vec2::new(10.0, 50.0),
-            &Tick::default()
-        );
+        a.add_entity(ae, Vec2::new(10.0, 50.0), &Tick::default());
 
         a.remove_entity(ae, &Tick::default());
     }
-}
+}

crates/lyra-ecs/src/component_info.rs

@@ -42,13 +42,20 @@ impl DynTypeId {
         *self == id
     }
 
-        /// Force self into a rust TypeId, will panic if this type is not a Rust type.
+    /// Force self into a rust TypeId, will panic if this type is not a Rust type.
     pub fn as_rust(&self) -> TypeId {
         match self {
             DynTypeId::Rust(t) => *t,
             DynTypeId::Unknown(_) => panic!("This type is unknown to rust, cannot construct a TypeId from it!"),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn as_unknown(&self) -> Option<u128> {
+        match self {
+            DynTypeId::Rust(_) => None,
+            DynTypeId::Unknown(id) => Some(*id),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Some information about a component.

crates/lyra-ecs/src/entity.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ pub struct Entity {
 }
 
 impl Entity {
+    pub fn new(id: EntityId, gen: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id,
+            generation: gen,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn id(&self) -> EntityId {
         self.id
     }
@@ -70,4 +77,4 @@ impl Entities {
     pub(crate) fn insert_entity_record(&mut self, entity: Entity, record: Record) {
         self.arch_index.insert(entity.id, record);
     }
-}
+}

crates/lyra-ecs/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
+
 extern crate self as lyra_ecs;
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/dynamic/mod.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ use crate::{World, ComponentColumn, ComponentInfo};
 mod view;
 pub use view::*;
 
+mod view_one;
+pub use view_one::*;
+
 use super::Fetch;
 
 /// Data that rust does not know the type of

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/dynamic/view.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ impl DynamicViewState {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn queries_num(&self) -> usize {
+        self.queries.len()
+    }
+
     pub fn push(&mut self, dyn_query: QueryDynamicType) {
         self.queries.push(dyn_query);
     }
@@ -57,11 +61,17 @@ pub struct DynamicViewStateIter {
 }
 
 impl DynamicViewStateIter {
-    pub fn next(&mut self, world: &World) -> Option<DynamicViewItem> {
+    pub fn next(&mut self, world: &World) -> Option<(Entity, Vec<DynamicType>)> {
         let archetypes = world.archetypes.values().collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         loop {
             if let Some(entity_index) = self.component_indices.next() {
+                let entity = {
+                    let arch_id = self.next_archetype - 1;
+                    let arch = unsafe { archetypes.get_unchecked(arch_id) };
+                    arch.entity_at_index(ArchetypeEntityId(entity_index)).unwrap()
+                };
+
                 let mut fetch_res = vec![];
 
                 for fetcher in self.fetchers.iter_mut() {
@@ -78,11 +88,7 @@ impl DynamicViewStateIter {
                     continue;
                 }
                 
-                let arch = archetypes.get(self.next_archetype-1).unwrap();
-                return Some(DynamicViewItem {
-                    row: fetch_res,
-                    entity: arch.entity_at_index(ArchetypeEntityId(entity_index)).unwrap()
-                })
+                return Some((entity, fetch_res));
             } else {
                 if self.next_archetype >= archetypes.len() {
                     return None; // ran out of archetypes to go through
@@ -138,7 +144,7 @@ impl<'a> DynamicView<'a> {
 /// This works great for a embedding with a scripting language (*cough* *cough* WASM) since
 /// Rust doesn't actually need to know the types of what its iterating over.
 impl<'a> IntoIterator for DynamicView<'a> {
-    type Item = DynamicViewItem;
+    type Item = (Entity, Vec<DynamicType>);
 
     type IntoIter = DynamicViewIter<'a>;
 
@@ -160,7 +166,7 @@ pub struct DynamicViewIter<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> Iterator for DynamicViewIter<'a> {
-    type Item = DynamicViewItem;
+    type Item = (Entity, Vec<DynamicType>);
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         self.inner.next(&self.world)
@@ -193,13 +199,11 @@ mod tests {
         view.push(query);
 
         let mut view_iter = view.into_iter();
-        while let Some(view_row) = view_iter.next(&world) {
-            assert_eq!(view_row.row.len(), 1);
-
-            let mut row_iter = view_row.row.iter();
+        while let Some((_e, view_row)) = view_iter.next(&world) {
+            assert_eq!(view_row.len(), 1);
+            let mut row_iter = view_row.iter();
 
             let dynamic_type = row_iter.next().unwrap();
-            
             let component_data = unsafe { dynamic_type.ptr.cast::<u32>().as_ref() };
             assert_eq!(*component_data, 50);
         }
@@ -222,13 +226,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut view = DynamicView::new(&world);
         view.push(query);
 
-        for view_row in view.into_iter() {
-            assert_eq!(view_row.row.len(), 1);
+        for (_e, view_row) in view.into_iter() {
+            assert_eq!(view_row.len(), 1);
+            let mut row_iter = view_row.iter();
 
-            let mut row_iter = view_row.row.iter();
-
-            let dynamic_type = row_iter.next().unwrap();
-            
+            let dynamic_type = row_iter.next().unwrap();            
             let component_data = unsafe { dynamic_type.ptr.cast::<u32>().as_ref() };
             assert_eq!(*component_data, 50);
         }

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/dynamic/view_one.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+use crate::{query::Fetch, Entity, World};
+
+use super::{DynamicType, FetchDynamicTypeUnsafe, QueryDynamicType};
+
+/// A view of dynamic types (types that are not known to Rust).
+/// 
+/// This view gives you the ability to iterate over types that are unknown to Rust, which we call
+/// dynamic types. This is great for embedding with a scripting language (*cough* *cough* WASM)
+/// since Rust doesn't actually need to know the types of what its iterating over.
+pub struct DynamicViewOne<'a> {
+    world: &'a World,
+    inner: DynamicViewOneOwned,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Deref for DynamicViewOne<'a> {
+    type Target = DynamicViewOneOwned;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> DerefMut for DynamicViewOne<'a> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> DynamicViewOne<'a> {
+    pub fn new(world: &'a World, entity: Entity) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            world,
+            inner: DynamicViewOneOwned::new(entity)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new [`DynamicViewOne`] with queries.
+    pub fn new_with(world: &'a World, entity: Entity, queries: Vec<QueryDynamicType>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            world,
+            inner: DynamicViewOneOwned::new_with(entity, queries)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(self) -> Option<Vec<DynamicType>> {
+        self.inner.get(&self.world)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A variant of [`DynamicViewOne`] that doesn't store a borrow of the world.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct DynamicViewOneOwned {
+    pub entity: Entity,
+    pub queries: Vec<QueryDynamicType>
+}
+
+impl DynamicViewOneOwned {
+    pub fn new(entity: Entity) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            entity,
+            queries: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new [`DynamicViewOne`] with queries.
+    pub fn new_with(entity: Entity, queries: Vec<QueryDynamicType>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            entity,
+            queries
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(self, world: &World) -> Option<Vec<DynamicType>> {
+        dynamic_view_one_get_impl(world, &self.queries, self.entity)
+    }
+}
+
+fn dynamic_view_one_get_impl(world: &World, queries: &Vec<QueryDynamicType>, entity: Entity) -> Option<Vec<DynamicType>> {
+    let arch = world.entity_archetype(entity)?;
+    let aid = arch.entity_indexes().get(&entity)?;
+    
+    // get all fetchers for the queries
+    let mut fetchers: Vec<FetchDynamicTypeUnsafe> = queries.iter()
+        .map(|q| unsafe { q.fetch(world, arch.id(), arch) } )
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut fetch_res = vec![];
+    for fetcher in fetchers.iter_mut() {
+        if !fetcher.can_visit_item(*aid) {
+            return None;
+        } else {
+            let i = unsafe { fetcher.get_item(*aid) };
+            fetch_res.push(i);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if fetch_res.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(fetch_res)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{alloc::Layout, ptr::NonNull};
+
+    use crate::{World, ComponentInfo, DynTypeId, DynamicBundle, query::dynamic::QueryDynamicType};
+
+    use super::DynamicViewOne;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_dynamic_view_one_state() {
+        let comp_layout = Layout::new::<u32>();
+        let comp_info = ComponentInfo::new_unknown(Some("u32".to_string()), DynTypeId::Unknown(100), comp_layout);
+
+        let mut dynamic_bundle = DynamicBundle::default();
+        let comp = 50u32;
+        let ptr = NonNull::from(&comp).cast::<u8>();
+        dynamic_bundle.push_unknown(ptr, comp_info.clone());
+
+        let mut world = World::new();
+        let e = world.spawn(dynamic_bundle);
+
+        let query = QueryDynamicType::from_info(comp_info);
+        let view = DynamicViewOne::new_with(&world, e, vec![query]);
+
+        let view_row = view.get()
+            .expect("failed to get entity row");
+        assert_eq!(view_row.len(), 1);
+
+        let mut row_iter = view_row.iter();
+        let dynamic_type = row_iter.next().unwrap();
+        
+        let component_data = unsafe { dynamic_type.ptr.cast::<u32>().as_ref() };
+        assert_eq!(*component_data, 50);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_dynamic_view_one() {
+        let comp_layout = Layout::new::<u32>();
+        let comp_info = ComponentInfo::new_unknown(Some("u32".to_string()), DynTypeId::Unknown(100), comp_layout);
+
+        let mut dynamic_bundle = DynamicBundle::default();
+        let comp = 50u32;
+        let ptr = NonNull::from(&comp).cast::<u8>();
+        dynamic_bundle.push_unknown(ptr, comp_info.clone());
+
+        let mut world = World::new();
+        let e = world.spawn(dynamic_bundle);
+
+        let query = QueryDynamicType::from_info(comp_info);
+        let view = DynamicViewOne::new_with(&world, e, vec![query]);
+
+        let view_row = view.get()
+            .expect("failed to get entity row");
+        assert_eq!(view_row.len(), 1);
+
+        let mut row_iter = view_row.iter();
+
+        let dynamic_type = row_iter.next().unwrap();
+        
+        let component_data = unsafe { dynamic_type.ptr.cast::<u32>().as_ref() };
+        assert_eq!(*component_data, 50);
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/filter/changed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use crate::{query::{AsFilter, AsQuery, Fetch, Filter, Query}, Component, ComponentColumn, DynTypeId, Tick, World};
+
+pub struct ChangedFetcher<'a, T> {
+    col: &'a ComponentColumn,
+    tick: Tick,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<&'a T>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Fetch<'a> for ChangedFetcher<'a, T>
+where
+    T: 'a,
+{
+    type Item = bool;
+
+    fn dangling() -> Self {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_item(&mut self, entity: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> Self::Item {
+        let tick = self.col.entity_ticks[entity.0 as usize];
+        *tick >= (*self.tick) - 1
+    }
+}
+
+/// A filter that fetches components that have changed.
+/// 
+/// Since [`AsQuery`] is implemented for `&T`, you can use this query like this:
+/// ```nobuild
+/// for ts in world.view::<&T>() {
+///     println!("Got a &T!");
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub struct Changed<T> {
+    type_id: DynTypeId,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>
+}
+
+impl<T: Component> Default for Changed<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            type_id: DynTypeId::of::<T>(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// manually implemented to avoid a Copy bound on T
+impl<T> Copy for Changed<T> {}
+
+// manually implemented to avoid a Clone bound on T
+impl<T> Clone for Changed<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Component> Changed<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Component> Query for Changed<T>
+where
+    T: 'static
+{
+    type Item<'a> = bool;
+    type Fetch<'a> = ChangedFetcher<'a, T>;
+
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Changed::<T>::new()
+    }
+
+    fn can_visit_archetype(&self, archetype: &crate::archetype::Archetype) -> bool {
+        archetype.has_column(self.type_id)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn fetch<'a>(&self, w: &'a World, a: &'a crate::archetype::Archetype, _: crate::Tick) -> Self::Fetch<'a> {
+        ChangedFetcher {
+            col: a.get_column(self.type_id).unwrap(),
+            tick: w.current_tick(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData::<&T>,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Component> AsQuery for Changed<T> {
+    type Query = Self;
+}
+
+impl<T: Component> Filter for Changed<T> { }
+
+impl<T: Component> AsFilter for Changed<T> {
+    type Filter = Self;
+}

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/filter/has.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use crate::{query::{AsQuery, Query}, Archetype, Component, DynTypeId, World};
+use crate::{query::{AsFilter, AsQuery, Filter, Query}, Archetype, Component, DynTypeId, World};
+
+use super::StaticFetcher;
 
 /// A filter query that fetches when the entity has the component `C`.
 /// 
@@ -20,9 +22,8 @@ impl<C: Component> Clone for Has<C> {
 }
 
 impl<C: Component> Query for Has<C> {
-    type Item<'a> = ();
-    
-    type Fetch<'a> = ();
+    type Item<'a> = bool;
+    type Fetch<'a> = StaticFetcher<bool>;
 
     fn new() -> Self {
         Has {
@@ -35,10 +36,17 @@ impl<C: Component> Query for Has<C> {
     }
 
     unsafe fn fetch<'a>(&self, _world: &'a World, _: &'a Archetype, _: crate::Tick) -> Self::Fetch<'a> {
-        ()
+        // if fetch is called, it means that 'can_visit_archetype' returned true
+        StaticFetcher::new(true)
     }
 }
 
 impl<C: Component> AsQuery for Has<C> {
     type Query = Self;
+}
+
+impl<C: Component> Filter for Has<C> { }
+
+impl<C: Component> AsFilter for Has<C> {
+    type Filter = Self;
 }

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/filter/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+mod has;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+pub use has::*;
+
+mod or;
+pub use or::*;
+
+mod not;
+pub use not::*;
+
+mod changed;
+pub use changed::*;
+
+use super::Fetch;
+
+/// A fetcher that just returns a provided value
+pub struct StaticFetcher<T: Clone> {
+    value: T,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: Clone> StaticFetcher<T> {
+    pub fn new(value: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+impl<'a, T> Fetch<'a> for StaticFetcher<T>
+where 
+    T: Clone + 'a,
+{
+    type Item = T;
+
+    fn dangling() -> Self {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_item(&mut self, _: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> Self::Item {
+        self.value.clone()
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/filter/not.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-use crate::{query::{AsQuery, Query}, Archetype, World};
+use crate::{query::{AsFilter, AsQuery, Filter, Query}, Archetype, World};
+
+use super::StaticFetcher;
 
 /// A filter query that fetches the inverse of `Q`.
 /// 
@@ -20,9 +22,8 @@ pub struct Not<Q: Query> {
 }
 
 impl<Q: Query> Query for Not<Q> {
-    type Item<'a> = ();
-    
-    type Fetch<'a> = ();
+    type Item<'a> = bool;
+    type Fetch<'a> = StaticFetcher<bool>;
 
     fn new() -> Self {
         Not {
@@ -35,10 +36,17 @@ impl<Q: Query> Query for Not<Q> {
     }
 
     unsafe fn fetch<'a>(&self, _world: &'a World, _: &'a Archetype, _: crate::Tick) -> Self::Fetch<'a> {
-        ()
+        // if fetch is called, it means that 'can_visit_archetype' returned true
+        StaticFetcher::new(true)
     }
 }
 
 impl<Q: Query> AsQuery for Not<Q> {
     type Query = Self;
+}
+
+impl<Q: Query> Filter for Not<Q> { }
+
+impl<Q: Query> AsFilter for Not<Q> {
+    type Filter = Self;
 }

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/mod.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ mod optional;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 pub use optional::*;
 
+mod world_tick;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub use world_tick::*;
+
 pub mod dynamic;
 
 pub mod filter;
@@ -89,6 +93,12 @@ pub trait AsQuery {
     type Query: Query;
 }
 
+/// A trait for getting the filter of a type.
+pub trait AsFilter {
+    /// The query for this type
+    type Filter: Filter;
+}
+
 pub trait IntoQuery {
     fn into_query(self) -> Self;
 }
@@ -125,10 +135,22 @@ impl Query for () {
     }
 }
 
+impl Filter for () {
+    type Item<'a> = bool;
+}
+
 impl AsQuery for () {
     type Query = ();
 }
 
+pub trait Filter: Query {
+    type Item<'a> = bool;
+}
+
+impl AsFilter for () {
+    type Filter = ();
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::{World, archetype::Archetype, tests::Vec2};

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/resource.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use atomic_refcell::{AtomicRef, AtomicRefMut};
 
-use crate::{World, resource::ResourceObject};
+use crate::{resource::ResourceObject, Tick, TrackedResource, World};
 
 use super::{Query, Fetch, AsQuery};
 
@@ -22,12 +22,18 @@ impl<'a, T: ResourceObject + 'a> Fetch<'a> for FetchResource<'a, T> {
     }
 
     fn can_visit_item(&mut self, _entity: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> bool {
-        true
+        let w = self.world.unwrap();
+        w.has_resource::<T>()
     }
 
     unsafe fn get_item(&mut self, _entity: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> Self::Item {
         let w = self.world.unwrap();
-        Res(w.get_resource::<T>())
+        Res {
+            // this unwrap is safe since `can_visit_item` ensures the resource exists
+            inner: w.get_tracked_resource::<T>().unwrap(),
+            world_tick: w.current_tick(),
+            _marker: PhantomData::<T>,
+        }
     }
 
 }
@@ -81,13 +87,37 @@ impl<R: ResourceObject> AsQuery for QueryResource<R> {
 }
 
 /// A struct used for querying resources from the World.
-pub struct Res<'a, T: ResourceObject>(pub(crate) AtomicRef<'a, T>);
+pub struct Res<'a, T: ResourceObject> {
+    pub(crate) inner: AtomicRef<'a, TrackedResource<dyn ResourceObject>>,
+    pub(crate) world_tick: Tick,
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<T>,
+}
 
 impl<'a, T: ResourceObject> std::ops::Deref for Res<'a, T> {
     type Target = T;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.0.deref()
+        self.inner.res.as_any().downcast_ref::<T>().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ResourceObject> Res<'a, T> {
+    /// Get the inner [`AtomicRef`].
+    /// 
+    /// This inner type does not have change tracking. If you `DerefMut` it, the change will not be tracked!
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_inner(self) -> atomic_refcell::AtomicRef<'a, T> {
+        atomic_refcell::AtomicRef::map(self.inner, |r| r.res.as_any().downcast_ref().unwrap())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a boolean indicating if the resource changed.
+    pub fn changed(&self) -> bool {
+        *self.inner.tick >= *self.world_tick - 1
+    }
+
+    /// The tick that this resource was last modified at
+    pub fn tick(&self) -> Tick {
+        self.inner.tick
     }
 }
 
@@ -111,12 +141,18 @@ impl<'a, T: ResourceObject + 'a> Fetch<'a> for FetchResourceMut<'a, T> {
     }
 
     fn can_visit_item(&mut self, _entity: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> bool {
-        true
+        let w = self.world.unwrap();
+        w.has_resource::<T>()
     }
 
     unsafe fn get_item(&mut self, _entity: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> Self::Item {
         let w = self.world.unwrap();
-        ResMut(w.get_resource_mut::<T>())
+        ResMut {
+            // this is safe since `can_visit_item` ensures that the resource exists.
+            inner: w.get_tracked_resource_mut::<T>().unwrap(),
+            world_tick: w.current_tick(),
+            _marker: PhantomData::<T>,
+        }
     }
 
 }
@@ -169,20 +205,51 @@ impl<R: ResourceObject> AsQuery for QueryResourceMut<R> {
 }
 
 /// A struct used for querying resources from the World.
-pub struct ResMut<'a, T: ResourceObject>(pub(crate) AtomicRefMut<'a, T>);
+//pub struct ResMut<'a, T: ResourceObject>(pub(crate) AtomicRefMut<'a, T>);
+pub struct ResMut<'a, T: ResourceObject> {
+    pub(crate) inner: AtomicRefMut<'a, TrackedResource<dyn ResourceObject>>,
+    pub(crate) world_tick: Tick,
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<T>,
+}
 
 impl<'a, T: ResourceObject> std::ops::Deref for ResMut<'a, T> {
     type Target = T;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.0.deref()
+        self.inner.res.as_any().downcast_ref::<T>().unwrap()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a, T: ResourceObject> std::ops::DerefMut for ResMut<'a, T> {
-
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        self.0.deref_mut()
+        self.mark_changed();
+        self.inner.res.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<T>().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ResourceObject> ResMut<'a, T> {
+    /// Get the inner [`AtomicRefMut`].
+    /// 
+    /// This inner type does not have change tracking. If you `DerefMut` it, the change will not be tracked!
+    pub fn get_inner(self) -> atomic_refcell::AtomicRefMut<'a, T> {
+        atomic_refcell::AtomicRefMut::map(self.inner, |r| r.res.as_any_mut().downcast_mut().unwrap())
+    }
+
+    pub fn changed(&self) -> bool {
+        *self.inner.tick - 1 >= *self.world_tick - 1
+    }
+
+    /// The tick that this resource was last modified at
+    pub fn tick(&self) -> Tick {
+        self.inner.tick
+    }
+
+    /// Manually mark the resource as changed.
+    /// 
+    /// This is useful if you have a resource with interior mutability and you want to
+    /// mark this resource as changed.
+    pub fn mark_changed(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.tick = self.world_tick
     }
 }
 

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/tuple.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use crate::World;
 
-use super::{Query, Fetch, AsQuery};
+use super::{Query, Fetch, AsQuery, Filter, AsFilter};
 
-impl<'a, F1> Fetch<'a> for (F1,)
+/* impl<'a, F1> Fetch<'a> for (F1,)
 where
     F1: Fetch<'a>,
 {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ where
     Q2: AsQuery,
 {
     type Query = (Q1::Query, Q2::Query);
-}
+} */
 
 macro_rules! impl_bundle_tuple {
     ( $($name: ident),+ ) => (
@@ -154,10 +154,39 @@ macro_rules! impl_bundle_tuple {
         impl<$($name: AsQuery),+> AsQuery for ($($name,)+) {
             type Query = ($($name::Query,)+);
         }
+
+        #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+        impl<$($name: Filter),+> Filter for ($($name,)+) {
+            //type Item<'a> = ($(<$name as Query>::Item<'a>,)+);
+            //type Fetch<'a> = ($(<$name as Query>::Fetch<'a>,)+);
+
+            /* fn new() -> Self {
+                ( $($name::new(),)+ )
+            }
+
+            fn can_visit_archetype(&self, archetype: &crate::archetype::Archetype) -> bool {
+                let ( $($name,)+ ) = self;
+
+                // this is the only way I could figure out how to do an 'and'
+                let bools = vec![$($name.can_visit_archetype(archetype),)+];
+                bools.iter().all(|b| *b)
+            }
+
+            unsafe fn fetch<'a>(&self, world: &'a World, archetype: &'a crate::archetype::Archetype, tick: crate::Tick) -> Self::Fetch<'a> {
+                let ( $($name,)+ ) = self;
+                ( $($name.fetch(world, archetype, tick),)+ )
+            } */
+        }
+
+        impl<$($name: AsFilter),+> AsFilter for ($($name,)+) {
+            type Filter = ($($name::Filter,)+);
+        }
     );
 }
 
 // Hopefully up to 16 queries in a SINGLE view is enough
+impl_bundle_tuple! { Q1 }
+impl_bundle_tuple! { Q1, Q2 }
 impl_bundle_tuple! { Q1, Q2, Q3 }
 impl_bundle_tuple! { Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 }
 impl_bundle_tuple! { Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 }

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/view.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 
 use crate::{archetype::Archetype, world::{ArchetypeEntityId, World}, EntityId, Tick};
 
-use super::{Query, Fetch, AsQuery};
+use super::{AsFilter, AsQuery, Fetch, Filter, Query};
 
 pub type View<'a, Q, F = ()> = ViewState<'a, <Q as AsQuery>::Query, <F as AsQuery>::Query>;
 
-pub struct ViewState<'a, Q: Query, F: Query> {
+pub struct ViewState<'a, Q: Query, F: Filter> {
     world: &'a World,
     query: Q,
     filter: F,
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub struct ViewState<'a, Q: Query, F: Query> {
 impl<'a, Q, F> ViewState<'a, Q, F>
 where
     Q: Query,
-    F: Query,
+    F: Filter,
 {
     pub fn new(world: &'a World, query: Q, filter: F, archetypes: Vec<&'a Archetype>) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Consumes `self`, adding a filter to the view.
-    pub fn with<U: AsQuery>(self, filter: U::Query) -> ViewState<'a, Q, (F, U::Query)> {
+    pub fn with<U: AsFilter>(self, filter: U::Filter) -> ViewState<'a, Q, (F, U::Filter)> {
         ViewState::new(self.world, self.query, (self.filter, filter), self.archetypes)
     }
 }
@@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ where
 impl<'a, Q, F> IntoIterator for ViewState<'a, Q, F>
 where
     Q: Query,
-    F: Query,
+    F: Filter,
 {
     type Item = Q::Item<'a>;
 
     type IntoIter = ViewIter<'a, Q, F>;
 
     fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        let tick = self.world.tick_tracker().tick_when(Q::MUTATES);
+        //let tick = self.world.tick_tracker().tick_when(Q::MUTATES);
 
         ViewIter {
             world: self.world,
-            tick,
+            tick: self.world.current_tick(),
             query: self.query,
             filter: self.filter,
             fetcher: None,
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub struct ViewIter<'a, Q: Query, F: Query> {
+pub struct ViewIter<'a, Q: Query, F: Filter> {
     world: &'a World,
     tick: Tick,
     query: Q,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub struct ViewIter<'a, Q: Query, F: Query> {
 impl<'a, Q, F> Iterator for ViewIter<'a, Q, F>
 where
     Q: Query,
-    F: Query,
+    F: Filter,
 {
     type Item = Q::Item<'a>;
 
@@ -147,17 +147,17 @@ pub struct ViewOne<'a, Q: Query> {
 
 impl<'a, Q: Query> ViewOne<'a, Q> {
     pub fn new(world: &'a World, entity: EntityId, query: Q) -> Self {
-        let tick = world.tick_tracker().tick_when(Q::MUTATES);
+        //let tick = world.tick_tracker().tick_when(Q::MUTATES);
 
         Self {
             world,
-            tick,
+            tick: world.current_tick(),
             entity,
             query
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get(&self) -> Option<Q::Item<'a>> {
+    pub fn get(self) -> Option<Q::Item<'a>> {
         if let Some(record) = self.world.entities.arch_index.get(&self.entity) {
             let arch = self.world.archetypes.get(&record.id)
                 .expect("An invalid record was specified for an entity");

crates/lyra-ecs/src/query/world_tick.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use crate::{system::FnArgFetcher, Tick, World};
+use super::{Fetch, Query, AsQuery};
+
+/// Fetcher used to fetch the current tick of the world.
+pub struct FetchWorldTick {
+    tick: Tick
+}
+
+impl<'a> Fetch<'a> for FetchWorldTick {
+    type Item = WorldTick;
+
+    fn dangling() -> Self {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+
+    fn can_visit_item(&mut self, _entity: crate::ArchetypeEntityId) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_item(&mut self, _entity: crate::world::ArchetypeEntityId) -> Self::Item {
+        WorldTick(self.tick)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Query used to query the current tick of the world.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct QueryWorldTick;
+
+impl Default for QueryWorldTick {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Query for QueryWorldTick {
+    type Item<'a> = WorldTick;
+
+    type Fetch<'a> = FetchWorldTick;
+
+    const ALWAYS_FETCHES: bool = true;
+
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        QueryWorldTick
+    }
+
+    fn can_visit_archetype(&self, _archetype: &crate::archetype::Archetype) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn fetch<'a>(&self, world: &'a World, _archetype: &'a crate::archetype::Archetype, _tick: crate::Tick) -> Self::Fetch<'a> {
+        FetchWorldTick {
+            tick: world.current_tick()
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn fetch_world<'a>(&self, world: &'a World) -> Option<Self::Fetch<'a>> {
+        Some(FetchWorldTick {
+            tick: world.current_tick()
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsQuery for QueryWorldTick {
+    type Query = Self;
+}
+
+/// Type that can be used in an fn system for fetching the current world tick.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct WorldTick(Tick);
+
+impl Deref for WorldTick {
+    type Target = Tick;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsQuery for WorldTick {
+    type Query = QueryWorldTick;
+}
+
+impl FnArgFetcher for WorldTick {
+    type State = ();
+
+    type Arg<'a, 'state> = WorldTick;
+
+    fn create_state(_: std::ptr::NonNull<World>) -> Self::State {
+        ()
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get<'a, 'state>(_: &'state mut Self::State, world: std::ptr::NonNull<World>) -> Self::Arg<'a, 'state> {
+        let world = world.as_ref();
+        WorldTick(world.current_tick())
+    }
+
+    fn apply_deferred(_: Self::State, _: std::ptr::NonNull<World>) {
+        
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-ecs/src/relation/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use lyra_ecs_derive::Component;
 
+use crate::query::Filter;
 use crate::query::Query;
 use crate::query::ViewState;
 use crate::Entity;
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ impl World {
 impl<'a, Q, F> ViewState<'a, Q, F>
 where
     Q: Query,
-    F: Query,
+    F: Filter,
 {
     /// Consumes `self` to return a view that fetches the relation to a specific target entity.
     pub fn relates_to<R>(self, target: Entity) -> ViewState<'a, (Q, QueryRelatesTo<R>), F>

crates/lyra-ecs/src/resource.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ use std::{any::{Any, TypeId}, sync::Arc};
 
 use atomic_refcell::{AtomicRef, AtomicRefCell, AtomicRefMut};
 
+use crate::{Tick, TickTracker};
+
 /// Shorthand for `Send + Sync + 'static`, so it never needs to be implemented manually.
 pub trait ResourceObject: Send + Sync + Any {
     fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;
@@ -18,18 +20,23 @@ impl<T: Send + Sync + Any> ResourceObject for T {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct TrackedResource<T: ?Sized> {
+    pub tick: Tick,
+    pub res: T,
+}
+
 /// A type erased storage for a Resource.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ResourceData {
-    pub(crate) data: Arc<AtomicRefCell<dyn ResourceObject>>,
+    pub(crate) data: Arc<AtomicRefCell<TrackedResource<dyn ResourceObject>>>,
     type_id: TypeId,
 }
 
 impl ResourceData {
-    pub fn new<T: ResourceObject>(data: T) -> Self {
+    pub fn new<T: ResourceObject>(data: T, tick: Tick) -> Self {
 
         Self {
-            data: Arc::new(AtomicRefCell::new(data)),
+            data: Arc::new(AtomicRefCell::new(TrackedResource { tick, res: data })),
             type_id: TypeId::of::<T>(),
         }
     }
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ impl ResourceData {
     /// * If the data is already borrowed mutably, this will panic.
     /// * If the type of `T` is not the same as the resource type.
     pub fn get<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> AtomicRef<T> {
-        AtomicRef::map(self.data.borrow(), |a| a.as_any().downcast_ref().unwrap())
+        AtomicRef::map(self.data.borrow(), |a| a.res.as_any().downcast_ref().unwrap())
     }
 
     /// Mutably borrow the data inside of the resource.
@@ -56,7 +63,7 @@ impl ResourceData {
     /// * If the data is already borrowed mutably, this will panic.
     /// * If the type of `T` is not the same as the resource type.
     pub fn get_mut<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> AtomicRefMut<T> {
-        AtomicRefMut::map(self.data.borrow_mut(), |a| a.as_any_mut().downcast_mut().unwrap())
+        AtomicRefMut::map(self.data.borrow_mut(), |a| a.res.as_any_mut().downcast_mut().unwrap())
     }
 
     /// Borrow the data inside of the resource.
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ impl ResourceData {
     /// * If the type of `T` is not the same as the resource type.
     pub fn try_get<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<AtomicRef<T>> {
         self.data.try_borrow()
-            .map(|r| AtomicRef::map(r, |a| a.as_any().downcast_ref().unwrap()))
+            .map(|r| AtomicRef::map(r, |a| a.res.as_any().downcast_ref().unwrap()))
             .ok()
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +84,11 @@ impl ResourceData {
     /// * If the type of `T` is not the same as the resource type.
     pub fn try_get_mut<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<AtomicRefMut<T>> {
         self.data.try_borrow_mut()
-            .map(|r| AtomicRefMut::map(r, |a| a.as_any_mut().downcast_mut().unwrap()))
+            .map(|r| AtomicRefMut::map(r, |a| a.res.as_any_mut().downcast_mut().unwrap()))
             .ok()
     }
+
+    pub fn changed(&self, tick: Tick) -> bool {
+        *self.data.borrow().tick >= *tick - 1
+    }
 }

crates/lyra-ecs/src/system/fn_sys.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{any::Any, marker::PhantomData, ptr::NonNull};
 
 use paste::paste;
-use crate::{World, Access, ResourceObject, query::{Query, ViewState, ResMut, Res}};
+use crate::{World, Access, ResourceObject, query::{Query, Filter, ViewState, ResMut, Res}};
 
 use super::{System, IntoSystem};
 
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ pub trait FnArgFetcher {
         Access::Read
     }
 
+    // TODO: check if the fetcher can fetch before getting.
     /// Get the arg from the world
     /// 
     /// # Safety
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G }
 impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H }
 impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I }
 impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I, J }
+impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I, J, K }
 impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I, J, K, L }
 impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I, J, K, L, M }
 impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N }
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ impl_fn_system_tuple!{ A, B, C, D, E, F2, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P }
 impl<'c, Q, F> FnArgFetcher for ViewState<'c, Q, F>
 where
     Q: Query + 'static,
-    F: Query + 'static,
+    F: Filter + 'static,
 {
     type State = (Q, F);
     type Arg<'a, 'state> = ViewState<'a, Q, F>;
@@ -213,7 +215,9 @@ impl<R: ResourceObject> FnArgFetcher for Res<'_, R> {
 
     unsafe fn get<'a, 'state>(_: &'state mut Self::State, world: NonNull<World>) -> Self::Arg<'a, 'state> {
         let world = world.as_ref();
-        Res(world.get_resource::<R>())
+        world.get_resource::<R>()
+            // TODO: check if the resource exists before attempting to fetch
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("world is missing resource: {}", std::any::type_name::<R>()))
     }
 
     fn apply_deferred(_: Self::State, _: NonNull<World>) { }
@@ -227,7 +231,9 @@ impl<R: ResourceObject> FnArgFetcher for ResMut<'_, R> {
 
     unsafe fn get<'a, 'state>(_: &'state mut Self::State, world: NonNull<World>) -> Self::Arg<'a, 'state> {
         let world = world.as_ref();
-        ResMut(world.get_resource_mut::<R>())
+        world.get_resource_mut::<R>()
+            // TODO: check if the resource exists before attempting to fetch
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("world is missing resource: {}", std::any::type_name::<R>()))
     }
 
     fn apply_deferred(_: Self::State, _: NonNull<World>) { }
@@ -306,7 +312,8 @@ mod tests {
         world.add_resource(SomeCounter(0));
 
         let test_system = |world: &World| -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>();
+            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>()
+                .expect("Counter resource is missing");
             counter.0 += 10;
 
             Ok(())
@@ -315,7 +322,8 @@ mod tests {
         test_system.into_system().execute(NonNull::from(&world)).unwrap();
 
         let test_system = |world: &mut World| -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>();
+            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>()   
+                .expect("Counter resource is missing");
             counter.0 += 10;
 
             Ok(())
@@ -323,7 +331,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_system.into_system().execute(NonNull::from(&world)).unwrap();
 
-        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 20);
     }
 
@@ -335,7 +344,8 @@ mod tests {
         world.add_resource(SomeCounter(0));
 
         let test_system = |world: &World| -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>();
+            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>()
+                .expect("Counter resource is missing");
             counter.0 += 10;
 
             Ok(())
@@ -345,7 +355,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         #[allow(dead_code)]
         fn test_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>();
+            let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SomeCounter>()
+                .expect("Counter resource is missing");
             counter.0 += 10;
 
             Ok(())
@@ -353,7 +364,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_system.into_system().execute(NonNull::from(&world)).unwrap();
 
-        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 20);
     }
 
@@ -365,16 +377,15 @@ mod tests {
         world.add_resource(SomeCounter(0));
 
         let test_system = |mut counter: ResMut<SomeCounter>| -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-            // .0 is twice here since ResMut's tuple field is pub(crate).
-            // Users wont need to do this
-            counter.0.0 += 10;
+            counter.0 += 10;
 
             Ok(())
         };
 
         test_system.into_system().execute(NonNull::from(&world)).unwrap();
 
-        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 10);
     }
 
@@ -388,9 +399,7 @@ mod tests {
         let test_system = |mut counter: ResMut<SomeCounter>, view: ViewState<QueryBorrow<Vec2>, ()>| -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             for v2 in view.into_iter() {
                 println!("Got v2 at '{:?}'", v2);
-                // .0 is twice here since ResMut's tuple field is pub(crate).
-                // Users wont need to do this
-                counter.0.0 += 1;
+                counter.0 += 1;
             }
 
             Ok(())
@@ -398,7 +407,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_system.into_system().execute(NonNull::from(&world)).unwrap();
 
-        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource::<SomeCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 2);
     }
 }

crates/lyra-ecs/src/system/graph.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl GraphExecutor {
             }
 
             let world = unsafe { world_ptr.as_mut() };
-            if let Some(mut queue) = world.try_get_resource_mut::<CommandQueue>() {
+            if let Some(mut queue) = world.get_resource_mut::<CommandQueue>() {
                 // Safety: Commands only borrows world.entities when adding commands
                 let world = unsafe { world_ptr.as_mut() };
                 let mut commands = Commands::new(&mut queue, world);
@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ mod tests {
         exec.execute(NonNull::from(&world), true).unwrap();
         println!("Executed systems");
 
-        let order = world.get_resource::<Vec<String>>();
+        let order = world.get_resource::<Vec<String>>()
+            .expect("missing Vec<String> resource");
         let mut order_iter = order.iter();
 
         // ... but still executed in order

crates/lyra-ecs/src/tick.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 /// TickTracker is used for tracking changes of [`Component`](crate::Component)s and entities.
 /// 
 /// TickTracker stores an [`AtomicU64`], making all operations on `TickTracker`, atomic as well.
-/// Note that [`Tick::clone`] only clones the inner value of atomic, and not the atomic itself.
+/// Note that [`TickTracker::clone`] only clones the inner value of atomic, and not the atomic itself.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TickTracker {
     tick: AtomicU64,
@@ -72,6 +72,12 @@ impl TickTracker {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Default, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct Tick(u64);
 
+impl From<u64> for Tick {
+    fn from(value: u64) -> Self {
+        Self(value)
+    }
+}
+
 impl std::ops::Deref for Tick {
     type Target = u64;
 

crates/lyra-ecs/src/world.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::{any::TypeId, collections::HashMap, ptr::NonNull};
+use std::{any::TypeId, collections::HashMap, ops::Deref, ptr::NonNull};
 
 use atomic_refcell::{AtomicRef, AtomicRefMut};
 
-use crate::{archetype::{Archetype, ArchetypeId}, bundle::Bundle, query::{dynamic::DynamicView, AsQuery, Query, ViewIter, ViewOne, ViewState}, resource::ResourceData, ComponentInfo, DynTypeId, DynamicBundle, Entities, Entity, ResourceObject, Tick, TickTracker};
+use crate::{archetype::{Archetype, ArchetypeId}, bundle::Bundle, query::{dynamic::DynamicView, AsFilter, AsQuery, Query, Res, ResMut, ViewIter, ViewOne, ViewState}, resource::ResourceData, ComponentInfo, DynTypeId, DynamicBundle, Entities, Entity, ResourceObject, Tick, TickTracker, TrackedResource};
 
 /// The id of the entity for the Archetype.
 /// 
@@ -10,6 +10,14 @@ use crate::{archetype::{Archetype, ArchetypeId}, bundle::Bundle, query::{dynamic
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct ArchetypeEntityId(pub u64);
 
+impl Deref for ArchetypeEntityId {
+    type Target = u64;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Record {
     pub id: ArchetypeId,
@@ -18,11 +26,11 @@ pub struct Record {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct World {
-    pub(crate) archetypes: HashMap<ArchetypeId, Archetype>,
+    pub archetypes: HashMap<ArchetypeId, Archetype>,
     next_archetype_id: ArchetypeId,
     resources: HashMap<TypeId, ResourceData>,
     tracker: TickTracker,
-    pub(crate) entities: Entities,
+    pub entities: Entities,
 }
 
 impl Default for World {
@@ -65,10 +73,9 @@ impl World {
     where
         B: Bundle
     {
+        let tick = self.current_tick();
         let bundle_types = bundle.type_ids();
 
-        let tick = self.tick();
-
         // try to find an archetype
         let archetype = self.archetypes
             .values_mut()
@@ -112,14 +119,8 @@ impl World {
 
     /// Despawn an entity from the World
     pub fn despawn(&mut self, entity: Entity) {
-        // Tick the tracker if the entity is spawned. This is done here instead of the `if let`
-        // below due to the borrow checker complaining about multiple mutable borrows to self.
-        let tick = if self.entities.arch_index.contains_key(&entity.id) {
-            Some(self.tick())
-        } else { None };
-
+        let tick = self.current_tick();
         if let Some(record) = self.entities.arch_index.get_mut(&entity.id) {
-            let tick = tick.unwrap();
             let arch = self.archetypes.get_mut(&record.id).unwrap();
 
             if let Some((moved, new_index)) = arch.remove_entity(entity, &tick) {
@@ -138,9 +139,34 @@ impl World {
     where
         B: Bundle
     {
-        let tick = self.tick();
+        let tick = self.current_tick();
+        let record = self.entities.entity_record(entity);
+
+        if record.is_none() {
+            //let mut combined_column_infos: Vec<ComponentInfo> = bundle.info().columns.iter().map(|c| c.info).collect();
+            let new_arch_id = self.next_archetype_id.increment();
+            let mut archetype = Archetype::from_bundle_info(new_arch_id, bundle.info());
+            
+            let mut dbun = DynamicBundle::new();
+            dbun.push_bundle(bundle);
+
+            let entity_arch_id = archetype.add_entity(entity, dbun, &tick);
+
+            self.archetypes.insert(new_arch_id, archetype);
+
+            // Create entity record and store it
+            let record = Record {
+                id: new_arch_id,
+                index: entity_arch_id,
+            };
+
+            self.entities.insert_entity_record(entity, record);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let record = record.unwrap();
 
-        let record = self.entities.entity_record(entity).unwrap();
         let current_arch = self.archetypes.get(&record.id).unwrap();
         let current_arch_len = current_arch.len();
 
@@ -175,6 +201,7 @@ impl World {
             .map(|c| unsafe { (NonNull::new_unchecked(c.borrow_ptr().as_ptr()), c.info) })
             .collect();
 
+        // try to find an archetype that this entity and its new components can fit into
         if let Some(arch) = self.archetypes.values_mut().find(|a| a.is_archetype_for(&combined_column_types)) {
             let mut dbun = DynamicBundle::new();
             // move old entity components into new archetype columns
@@ -347,9 +374,9 @@ impl World {
     }
 
     /// View into the world for a set of entities that satisfy the query and the filter.
-    pub fn filtered_view<Q: AsQuery, F: AsQuery>(&self) -> ViewState<Q::Query, F::Query> {
+    pub fn filtered_view<Q: AsQuery, F: AsFilter>(&self) -> ViewState<Q::Query, F::Filter> {
         let archetypes = self.archetypes.values().collect();
-        ViewState::<Q::Query, F::Query>::new(self, Q::Query::new(), F::Query::new(), archetypes)
+        ViewState::<Q::Query, F::Filter>::new(self, Q::Query::new(), F::Filter::new(), archetypes)
     }
 
     /// View into the world for a set of entities that satisfy the queries.
@@ -360,9 +387,9 @@ impl World {
     }
 
     /// View into the world for a set of entities that satisfy the queries.
-    pub fn filtered_view_iter<Q: AsQuery, F: AsQuery>(&self) -> ViewIter<Q::Query, F::Query> {
+    pub fn filtered_view_iter<Q: AsQuery, F: AsFilter>(&self) -> ViewIter<Q::Query, F::Filter> {
         let archetypes = self.archetypes.values().collect();
-        let v = ViewState::new(self, Q::Query::new(), F::Query::new(), archetypes);
+        let v = ViewState::new(self, Q::Query::new(), F::Filter::new(), archetypes);
         v.into_iter()
     }
 
@@ -374,43 +401,111 @@ impl World {
         ViewOne::new(self, entity.id, T::Query::new())
     }
 
-    //pub fn view_one(&self, entity: EntityId) -> 
-
+    /// Add a resource to the world.
     pub fn add_resource<T: ResourceObject>(&mut self, data: T) {
-        self.resources.insert(TypeId::of::<T>(), ResourceData::new(data));
+        self.resources.insert(TypeId::of::<T>(), ResourceData::new(data, self.current_tick()));
     }
 
+    /// Add the default value of a resource.
+    ///
+    /// > Note: This will replace existing values.
     pub fn add_resource_default<T: ResourceObject + Default>(&mut self) {
-        self.resources.insert(TypeId::of::<T>(), ResourceData::new(T::default()));
+        self.resources.insert(TypeId::of::<T>(), ResourceData::new(T::default(), self.current_tick()));
+    }
+
+    /// Add the default value of a resource if it does not already exist.
+    /// 
+    /// Returns a boolean indicating if the resource was added.
+    pub fn add_resource_default_if_absent<T: ResourceObject + Default>(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let id = TypeId::of::<T>();
+        if !self.resources.contains_key(&id) {
+            self.resources.insert(id, ResourceData::new(T::default(), self.current_tick()));
+            
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
     }
 
     /// Get a resource from the world, or insert it into the world with the provided
     /// `fn` and return it.
-    pub fn get_resource_or_else<T: ResourceObject, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> AtomicRefMut<T>
+    pub fn get_resource_or_else<T: ResourceObject, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> ResMut<T>
     where
         F: Fn() -> T + 'static
     {
-        self.resources.entry(TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .or_insert_with(|| ResourceData::new(f()))
-            .get_mut()
+        let tick = self.current_tick();
+        let res = self.resources.entry(TypeId::of::<T>())
+            .or_insert_with(|| ResourceData::new(f(), tick));
+        
+        ResMut {
+            inner: res.data.borrow_mut(),
+            world_tick: tick,
+            _marker: std::marker::PhantomData::<T>,
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Get a resource from the world, or insert it into the world as its default.
-    pub fn get_resource_or_default<T: ResourceObject + Default>(&mut self) -> AtomicRefMut<T>
+    /// Get a resource from the world, or insert its default value.
+    pub fn get_resource_or_default<T: ResourceObject + Default>(&mut self) -> ResMut<T>
     {
-        self.resources.entry(TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .or_insert_with(|| ResourceData::new(T::default()))
-            .get_mut()
+        let tick = self.current_tick();
+        let res = self.resources.entry(TypeId::of::<T>())
+            .or_insert_with(|| ResourceData::new(T::default(), tick));
+        
+        ResMut {
+            inner: res.data.borrow_mut(),
+            world_tick: tick,
+            _marker: std::marker::PhantomData::<T>,
+        }
     }
 
     /// Gets a resource from the World.
+    pub fn get_resource<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<Res<T>> {
+        self.get_tracked_resource::<T>().map(|r| Res {
+            inner: r,
+            world_tick: self.current_tick(),
+            _marker: std::marker::PhantomData::<T>,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the tick of a resource.
     /// 
-    /// Will panic if the resource is not in the world. See [`World::try_get_resource`] for
-    /// a function that returns an option.
-    pub fn get_resource<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> AtomicRef<T> {
+    /// This tick represents the last time the resource was mutated.
+    pub fn get_resource_tick<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<Tick> {
+        self.get_tracked_resource::<T>().map(|r| r.tick)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets a reference to a change tracked resource.
+    /// 
+    /// You will have to manually downcast the inner resource. Most people don't need this, see
+    /// [`World::get_resource`].
+    pub fn get_tracked_resource<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<AtomicRef<TrackedResource<dyn ResourceObject>>> {
         self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .expect(&format!("World is missing resource of type '{}'", std::any::type_name::<T>()))
-            .get()
+            .map(|r| r.data.borrow())
+    }
+
+    /// Gets a mutable borrow to a change tracked resource.
+    /// 
+    /// You will have to manually downcast the inner resource. Most people don't need this, see
+    /// [`World::get_resource_mut`].
+    pub fn get_tracked_resource_mut<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<AtomicRefMut<TrackedResource<dyn ResourceObject>>> {
+        self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
+            .map(|r| r.data.borrow_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a boolean indicating if the resource changed.
+    /// 
+    /// This will return false if the resource doesn't exist.
+    pub fn has_resource_changed<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> bool {
+        let tick = self.current_tick();
+        self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
+            .map(|r| r.changed(tick))
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the [`Tick`] that the resource was last modified at.
+    pub fn resource_tick<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<Tick> {
+        self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
+            .map(|r| r.data.borrow().tick)
     }
 
     /// Returns boolean indicating if the World contains a resource of type `T`.
@@ -418,42 +513,33 @@ impl World {
         self.resources.contains_key(&TypeId::of::<T>())
     }
 
-    /// Attempts to get a resource from the World.
-    /// 
-    /// Returns `None` if the resource was not found.
-    pub fn try_get_resource<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<AtomicRef<T>> {
-        self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .and_then(|r| r.try_get())
-    }
-
     /// Gets a mutable borrow of a resource from the World.
-    /// 
-    /// Will panic if the resource is not in the world. See [`World::try_get_resource_mut`] for
-    /// a function that returns an option.
-    pub fn get_resource_mut<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> AtomicRefMut<T> {
-        self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .expect(&format!("World is missing resource of type '{}'", std::any::type_name::<T>()))
-            .get_mut()
+    pub fn get_resource_mut<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<ResMut<T>> {
+        self.get_tracked_resource_mut::<T>().map(|r| ResMut {
+            inner: r,
+            world_tick: self.current_tick(),
+            _marker: std::marker::PhantomData::<T>,
+        })
     }
 
-    /// Attempts to get a mutable borrow of a resource from the World.
-    /// 
-    /// Returns `None` if the resource was not found.
-    pub fn try_get_resource_mut<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<AtomicRefMut<T>> {
+    /// Get the corresponding [`ResourceData`].
+    pub fn get_resource_data<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<ResourceData> {
         self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .and_then(|r| r.try_get_mut())
+            .map(|r| r.clone())
     }
 
-    /// Increments the TickTracker which is used for tracking changes to components.
+    /// Increments the world current tick for tracking changes to components and resources.
     /// 
-    /// Most users wont need to call this manually, its done for you through queries and views.
+    /// # Note:
+    /// For change tracking to work correctly, this must be ran each loop before you run world
+    /// systems.
     pub fn tick(&self) -> Tick {
         self.tracker.tick()
     }
 
     /// Gets the current tick that the world is at.
     /// 
-    /// See [`TickTracker`]
+    /// See [`World::tick`].
     pub fn current_tick(&self) -> Tick {
         self.tracker.current()
     }
@@ -463,9 +549,13 @@ impl World {
     }
 
     /// Attempts to find a resource in the world and returns a NonNull pointer to it
-    pub unsafe fn try_get_resource_ptr<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<NonNull<T>> {
+    pub unsafe fn get_resource_ptr<T: ResourceObject>(&self) -> Option<NonNull<T>> {
         self.resources.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
-            .map(|d| unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(d.data.as_ptr() as *mut T) })
+            .map(|d| unsafe {
+                let data = d.data.borrow();
+                let ptr = NonNull::from(&data.res);
+                NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr.as_ptr() as *mut T)
+            })
     }
 
     pub fn archetype_count(&self) -> usize {
@@ -539,15 +629,17 @@ mod tests {
             world.add_resource(counter);
         }
 
-        let counter = world.get_resource::<SimpleCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource::<SimpleCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 0);
         drop(counter);
 
-        let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>();
+        let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         counter.0 += 4582;
         drop(counter);
 
-        assert!(world.try_get_resource::<u32>().is_none());
+        assert!(world.get_resource::<u32>().is_none());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -557,9 +649,11 @@ mod tests {
         world.add_resource(counter);
 
         // test multiple borrows at the same time
-        let counter = world.get_resource::<SimpleCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource::<SimpleCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 4582);
-        let counter2 = world.get_resource::<SimpleCounter>();
+        let counter2 = world.get_resource::<SimpleCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 4582);
         assert_eq!(counter2.0, 4582);
     }
@@ -573,9 +667,10 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         // test that its only possible to get a single mutable borrow
-        let counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>();
+        let counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 4582);
-        assert!(world.try_get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>().is_none());
+        assert!(world.get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>().is_none());
         assert_eq!(counter.0, 4582);
     }
 
@@ -688,4 +783,23 @@ mod tests {
         let pos = world.view_one::<&mut Vec2>(second).get().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(*pos, Vec2::new(5.0, 5.0));
     }
+
+    /// Tests resource change checks
+     #[test]
+    fn resource_changed() {
+        let mut world = World::new();
+        world.add_resource(SimpleCounter(50));
+
+        assert!(world.has_resource_changed::<SimpleCounter>());
+
+        world.spawn(Vec2::new(50.0, 50.0));
+     
+        assert!(!world.has_resource_changed::<SimpleCounter>());
+
+        let mut counter = world.get_resource_mut::<SimpleCounter>()
+            .expect("Counter resource is missing");
+        counter.0 += 100;
+
+        assert!(world.has_resource_changed::<SimpleCounter>());
+    }
 }

crates/lyra-game/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,34 +10,38 @@ lyra-ecs = { path = "../lyra-ecs", features = [ "math" ] }
 lyra-reflect = { path = "../lyra-reflect", features = [ "math" ] }
 lyra-math = { path = "../lyra-math" }
 lyra-scene = { path = "../lyra-scene" }
+lyra-gltf = { path = "../lyra-gltf" }
+wgsl_preprocessor = { path = "../wgsl-preprocessor" }
 
-winit = "0.28.1"
-wgpu = "0.15.1"
+winit = "0.30.5"
+wgpu = { version = "22.1.0" }
 
 tracing = "0.1.37"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.16", features = [ "tracing-log" ] }
-tracing-log = "0.1.3"
+tracing-log = "0.2.0"
 tracing-appender = "0.2.2"
 tracing-tracy = { version = "0.11.0", optional = true }
 
 async-std = { version = "1.12.0", features = [ "unstable", "attributes" ] }
 cfg-if = "1"
 bytemuck = { version = "1.12", features = [ "derive", "min_const_generics" ] }
-image = { version = "0.24", default-features = false, features = ["png", "jpeg"] }
+image = "0.25.2"
 anyhow = "1.0"
 instant = "0.1"
 async-trait = "0.1.65"
-glam = { version = "0.24.0", features = ["bytemuck", "debug-glam-assert"] }
-gilrs-core = "0.5.6"
+glam = { version = "0.29.0", features = ["bytemuck", "debug-glam-assert"] }
 syn = "2.0.26"
 quote = "1.0.29"
 uuid = { version = "1.5.0", features = ["v4", "fast-rng"] }
-itertools = "0.11.0"
+itertools = "0.13.0"
 thiserror = "1.0.56"
 unique = "0.9.1"
-rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
+rustc-hash = "2.0.0"
 petgraph = { version = "0.6.5", features = ["matrix_graph"] }
 bind_match = "0.1.2"
+round_mult = "0.1.3"
+fast_poisson = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["single_precision"] }
+atomic_refcell = "0.1.13"
 
 [features]
-tracy = ["dep:tracing-tracy"]
+tracy = ["dep:tracing-tracy"]

crates/lyra-game/src/delta_time.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use instant::Instant;
-use lyra_ecs::{Component, World};
+use lyra_ecs::{query::ResMut, Component};
 use lyra_reflect::Reflect;
 
 use crate::{plugin::Plugin, game::GameStages};
@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@ impl std::ops::DerefMut for DeltaTime {
 /// A system that updates the [`DeltaTime``] resource.
 /// 
 /// The resource is updated in the [`GameStages::First`] stage.
-pub fn delta_time_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+pub fn delta_time_system(mut delta: ResMut<DeltaTime>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let now = Instant::now();
-    let mut delta = world.get_resource_mut::<DeltaTime>();
     delta.0 = delta.1.unwrap_or(now).elapsed().as_secs_f32();
     delta.1 = Some(now);
 
@@ -42,8 +41,8 @@ pub fn delta_time_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 pub struct DeltaTimePlugin;
 
 impl Plugin for DeltaTimePlugin {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut crate::game::Game) {
-        game.world_mut().add_resource(DeltaTime(0.0, None));
-        game.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::First, "delta_time", delta_time_system, &[]);
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut crate::game::App) {
+        app.world.add_resource(DeltaTime(0.0, None));
+        app.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::First, "delta_time", delta_time_system, &[]);
     }
 }

crates/lyra-game/src/event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use atomic_refcell::AtomicRefCell;
+use lyra_ecs::{query::{ResMut, WorldTick}, system::FnArgFetcher, Tick};
+
+pub trait Event: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static {}
+impl<T: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> Event for T {}
+
+/// A Vec with other Vecs in it to track relative age of items.
+/// 
+/// The vec has 3 levels, a `newest`, `medium` and `old`. Items are pushed to the `newest`
+/// internal vec. When [`WaterfallVec::waterfall`] is called the items in `newest` are
+/// put into `medium`, and items in `medium` goes to `old`.
+/// 
+/// By checking the items in each internal vec, you can see a relative age between the items.
+/// The event system uses this to clear the `old` vec to ensure keep events for only two
+/// frames at a time.
+struct WaterfallVec<T> {
+    newest: Vec<T>,
+    medium: Vec<T>,
+    old: Vec<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> Default for WaterfallVec<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { 
+            newest: Default::default(),
+            medium: Default::default(),
+            old: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> WaterfallVec<T> {
+    fn total_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.newest.len() + self.medium.len() + self.old.len()
+    }
+
+    fn get(&self, mut i: usize) -> Option<&T> {
+        if i >= self.old.len() {
+            i -= self.old.len();
+
+            if i >= self.medium.len() {
+                i -= self.medium.len();
+                self.newest.get(i)
+            } else {
+                self.medium.get(i)
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.old.get(i)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Age elements.
+    /// 
+    /// This moves elements in `newest` to `medium` and elements in `medium` to `old`.
+    /// This is what drives the relative age of the [`WaterfallVec`].
+    fn waterfall(&mut self) {
+        self.old.append(&mut self.medium);
+        self.medium.append(&mut self.newest);
+    }
+
+    /// Push a new element to the newest queue.
+    fn push(&mut self, event: T) {
+        self.newest.push(event);
+    }
+
+    /// Clear oldest items.
+    fn clear_oldest(&mut self) {
+        self.old.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Events<T: Event> {
+    events: Arc<AtomicRefCell<WaterfallVec<T>>>,
+    /// Used to track when the old events were last cleared.
+    last_cleared_at: Tick,
+    /// Used to indicate when the cursor in readers should be reset to zero.
+    /// This becomes true after the old events are cleared.
+    reset_cursor: bool,
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> Default for Events<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { events: Default::default(), last_cleared_at: Default::default(), reset_cursor: false }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> Events<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_event(&mut self, event: T) {
+        let mut events = self.events.borrow_mut();
+        events.push(event);
+    }
+
+    pub fn reader(&self) -> EventReader<T> {
+        EventReader {
+            events: self.events.clone(),
+            cursor: Arc::new(AtomicRefCell::new(0)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn writer(&self) -> EventWriter<T> {
+        EventWriter {
+            events: self.events.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventReader<T: Event> {
+    events: Arc<AtomicRefCell<WaterfallVec<T>>>,
+    cursor: Arc<AtomicRefCell<usize>>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> EventReader<T> {
+    pub fn read(&self) -> Option<atomic_refcell::AtomicRef<T>> {
+        let events = self.events.borrow();
+        
+        let mut cursor = self.cursor.borrow_mut();
+        if *cursor >= events.total_len() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            let e = atomic_refcell::AtomicRef::map(events, 
+                |e| e.get(*cursor).unwrap());
+            *cursor += 1;
+            Some(e)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventWriter<T: Event> {
+    events: Arc<AtomicRefCell<WaterfallVec<T>>>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> EventWriter<T> {
+    pub fn write(&self, event: T) {
+        let mut events = self.events.borrow_mut();
+        events.push(event);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Clean events of event type `T` every 2 ticks.
+pub fn event_cleaner_system<T>(tick: WorldTick, mut events: ResMut<Events<T>>) -> anyhow::Result<()>
+where 
+    T: Event
+{
+    let last_tick = *events.last_cleared_at;
+    let world_tick = **tick;
+
+    if last_tick + 2 < world_tick {
+        events.last_cleared_at = *tick;
+        events.reset_cursor = true;
+
+        let mut events = events.events.borrow_mut();
+        events.clear_oldest();
+    } else {
+        events.reset_cursor = false;
+    }
+
+    let mut events = events.events.borrow_mut();
+    events.waterfall();
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> FnArgFetcher for EventReader<T> {
+    type State = Arc<AtomicRefCell<usize>>;
+
+    type Arg<'a, 'state> = EventReader<T>;
+
+    fn create_state(_: std::ptr::NonNull<lyra_ecs::World>) -> Self::State {
+        Arc::new(AtomicRefCell::new(0))
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get<'a, 'state>(state: &'state mut Self::State, world: std::ptr::NonNull<lyra_ecs::World>) -> Self::Arg<'a, 'state> {
+        let world = world.as_ref();
+        let events = world.get_resource::<Events<T>>()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("world missing Events<{}> resource", std::any::type_name::<T>()));
+
+        if events.reset_cursor {
+            let mut state_num = state.borrow_mut();
+            *state_num = 0;
+        }
+
+        let reader = EventReader {
+            events: events.events.clone(),
+            cursor: state.clone(),
+        };
+
+        reader
+    }
+
+    fn apply_deferred(_: Self::State, _: std::ptr::NonNull<lyra_ecs::World>) { }
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> FnArgFetcher for EventWriter<T> {
+    type State = ();
+
+    type Arg<'a, 'state> = EventWriter<T>;
+
+    fn create_state(_: std::ptr::NonNull<lyra_ecs::World>) -> Self::State {
+        ()
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get<'a, 'state>(_: &'state mut Self::State, world: std::ptr::NonNull<lyra_ecs::World>) -> Self::Arg<'a, 'state> {
+        let world = world.as_ref();
+        let events = world.get_resource::<Events<T>>()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("world missing Events<{}> resource", std::any::type_name::<T>()));
+        events.writer()
+    }
+
+    fn apply_deferred(_: Self::State, _: std::ptr::NonNull<lyra_ecs::World>) { }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/game.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+use std::{cell::OnceCell, collections::VecDeque, ptr::NonNull};
+
+use lyra_ecs::{system::{IntoSystem, System}, ResourceObject, World};
+use lyra_math::IVec2;
+use tracing::{error, info, Level};
+use tracing_appender::non_blocking;
+use tracing_subscriber::{
+    layer::SubscriberExt,
+    filter,
+    util::SubscriberInitExt, fmt,
+};
+
+use crate::{event_cleaner_system, plugin::Plugin, render::renderer::Renderer, Event, Events, Stage, StagedExecutor};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Hash, Debug)]
+pub enum GameStages {
+    /// This stage runs before all other stages.
+    First,
+    /// This stage runs before `Update`.
+    PreUpdate,
+    /// This stage is where most game logic would be.
+    Update,
+    /// This stage is ran after `Update`.
+    PostUpdate,
+    /// This stage runs after all other stages.
+    Last,
+}
+
+impl Stage for GameStages {}
+
+pub struct Controls<'a> {
+    pub world: &'a mut World,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct WindowState {
+    /// Indicates if the window is currently focused.
+    pub focused: bool,
+    /// Indicates if the window is currently occluded.
+    pub occluded: bool,
+    /// Indicates if the cursor is inside of the window.
+    pub cursor_inside_window: bool,
+    pub position: IVec2,
+}
+
+impl WindowState {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct App {
+    pub(crate) renderer: OnceCell<Box<dyn Renderer>>,
+    pub world: World,
+    plugins: VecDeque<Box<dyn Plugin>>,
+    startup_systems: VecDeque<Box<dyn System>>,
+    staged_exec: StagedExecutor,
+    run_fn: OnceCell<Box<dyn FnOnce(App)>>,
+}
+
+impl App {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        // init logging
+        let (stdout_layer, stdout_nb) = non_blocking(std::io::stdout());
+        {
+            let t = tracing_subscriber::registry()
+                .with(fmt::layer().with_writer(stdout_layer));
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "tracy")]
+            let t = t.with(tracing_tracy::TracyLayer::default());
+
+            t.with(filter::Targets::new()
+                    // done by prefix, so it includes all lyra subpackages
+                    .with_target("lyra", Level::DEBUG)
+                    .with_target("wgsl_preprocessor", Level::INFO)
+                    .with_target("wgpu", Level::WARN)
+                    .with_target("winit", Level::DEBUG)
+                    .with_default(Level::INFO))
+                .init();
+        }
+
+        // store the logger worker guard to ensure logging still happens
+        let mut world = World::new();
+        world.add_resource(stdout_nb);
+
+        // initialize ecs system stages
+        let mut staged = StagedExecutor::new();
+        staged.add_stage(GameStages::First);
+        staged.add_stage_after(GameStages::First, GameStages::PreUpdate);
+        staged.add_stage_after(GameStages::PreUpdate, GameStages::Update);
+        staged.add_stage_after(GameStages::Update, GameStages::PostUpdate);
+        staged.add_stage_after(GameStages::PostUpdate, GameStages::Last);
+
+        Self {
+            renderer: OnceCell::new(),
+            world,
+            plugins: Default::default(),
+            startup_systems: Default::default(),
+            staged_exec: staged,
+            run_fn: OnceCell::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self) {
+        self.world.tick();
+        let wptr = NonNull::from(&self.world);
+
+        if let Err(e) = self.staged_exec.execute(wptr, true) {
+            error!("Error when executing staged systems: '{}'", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn on_resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        self.renderer.get_mut()
+            .expect("renderer was not initialized")
+            .on_resize(&mut self.world, new_size);
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn on_exit(&mut self) {
+        info!("On exit!");
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_resource<T: ResourceObject>(&mut self, data: T) {
+        self.world.add_resource(data);
+    }
+
+    /// Add a system to the ecs world
+    pub fn with_system<S, A>(&mut self, name: &str, system: S, depends: &[&str]) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        S: IntoSystem<A>,
+        <S as IntoSystem<A>>::System: 'static
+    {
+        self.staged_exec.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::Update, name, system.into_system(), depends);
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add a stage.
+    /// 
+    /// This stage could run at any moment if nothing is dependent on it.
+    pub fn add_stage<T: Stage>(&mut self, stage: T) -> &mut Self {
+        self.staged_exec.add_stage(stage);
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add a stage that executes after another one.
+    /// 
+    /// Parameters:
+    /// * `before` - The stage that will run before `after`.
+    /// * `after` - The stage that will run after `before`.
+    pub fn add_stage_after<T: Stage, U: Stage>(&mut self, before: T, after: U) -> &mut Self {
+        self.staged_exec.add_stage_after(before, after);
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add a system to an already existing stage.
+    /// 
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if the stage was not already added to the executor
+    pub fn add_system_to_stage<T, S, A>(&mut self, stage: T,
+            name: &str, system: S, depends: &[&str]) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        T: Stage,
+        S: IntoSystem<A>,
+        <S as IntoSystem<A>>::System: 'static
+    {
+        self.staged_exec.add_system_to_stage(stage, name, system.into_system(), depends);
+
+        self
+    }
+        
+    /// Add a startup system that will be ran right after plugins are setup.
+    /// They will only be ran once
+    pub fn with_startup_system<S>(&mut self, system: S) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        S: System + 'static
+    {
+        self.startup_systems.push_back(Box::new(system));
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add a plugin to the game. These are executed as they are added.
+    pub fn with_plugin<P>(&mut self, mut plugin: P) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        P: Plugin + 'static
+    {
+        plugin.setup(self);
+        let plugin = Box::new(plugin);
+        self.plugins.push_back(plugin);
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Override the default (empty) world
+    /// 
+    /// This isn't recommended, you should create a startup system and add it to `with_startup_system`
+    pub fn with_world(&mut self, world: World) -> &mut Self {
+        self.world = world;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_run_fn<F>(&self, f: F)
+    where 
+        F: FnOnce(App) + 'static
+    {
+        // ignore if a runner function was already set
+        let _ = self.run_fn.set(Box::new(f));
+    }
+
+    pub fn run(mut self) {
+        let f = self.run_fn.take()
+            .expect("No run function set");
+        f(self);
+    }
+
+    pub fn register_event<T: Event>(&mut self) {
+        let world = &mut self.world;
+        // only register the event if it isn't already registered.
+        if !world.has_resource::<Events<T>>() {
+            world.add_resource_default::<Events<T>>();
+            let sys_name = format!("{}_event_cleaner_system", std::any::type_name::<T>().to_lowercase());
+            self.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::First, &sys_name, event_cleaner_system::<T>, &[]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_event<T: Event>(&mut self, event: T) {
+        let world = &mut self.world;
+        let mut events = world.get_resource_mut::<Events<T>>()
+            .expect("missing events for event type! Must use `App::register_event` first");
+        events.push_event(event);
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/input/action.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::Deref, hash::{Hash, DefaultHasher, Hasher}, fmt::Debug};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, hash::{Hash, DefaultHasher, Hasher}, fmt::Debug};
 
 use glam::Vec2;
-use lyra_ecs::World;
+use lyra_ecs::query::{Res, ResMut};
 use lyra_reflect::Reflect;
 
-use crate::{plugin::Plugin, game::GameStages, EventQueue};
+use crate::{game::GameStages, plugin::Plugin, EventReader};
 
 use super::{Button, InputButtons, KeyCode, MouseButton, MouseMotion};
 
@@ -358,66 +358,61 @@ impl ActionHandler {
 
     /// Returns true if the action is pressed (or was just pressed).
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
-    pub fn is_action_pressed<L>(&self, action: L) -> bool
+    /// Returns `None` if the action was not found.
+    pub fn is_action_pressed<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<bool>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
-        matches!(action.state, ActionState::Pressed(_) | ActionState::JustPressed(_))
+        Some(matches!(action.state, ActionState::Pressed(_) | ActionState::JustPressed(_)))
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the action was just pressed.
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
-    pub fn was_action_just_pressed<L>(&self, action: L) -> bool
+    /// Returns `None` if the action was not found.
+    pub fn was_action_just_pressed<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<bool>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
-        matches!(action.state, ActionState::JustPressed(_))
+        Some(matches!(action.state, ActionState::JustPressed(_)))
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the action was just released.
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
-    pub fn was_action_just_released<L>(&self, action: L) -> bool
+    /// Returns `None` if the action was not found.
+    pub fn was_action_just_released<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<bool>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
-        matches!(action.state, ActionState::JustReleased)
+        Some(matches!(action.state, ActionState::JustReleased))
     }
 
     /// Returns an action's state.
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
-    pub fn get_action_state<L>(&self, action: L) -> ActionState
+    /// Returns `None` if the action was not found.
+    pub fn get_action_state<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<ActionState>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
-        action.state
+        Some(action.state)
     }
 
     /// Returns the action's modifier if it is pressed (or was just pressed).
-    /// Returns `None` if the action's state is not `ActionState::Pressed` or `ActionState::JustPressed`.
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
+    /// Returns `None` if the action's state is not `ActionState::Pressed`, `ActionState::JustPressed`,
+    /// or if the action was not found.
     pub fn get_pressed_modifier<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<f32>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
         match action.state {
             ActionState::Pressed(v) | ActionState::JustPressed(v) => Some(v),
@@ -426,15 +421,14 @@ impl ActionHandler {
     }
 
     /// Returns the action's modifier if it was just pressed.
-    /// Returns `None` if the action's state is not `ActionState::JustPressed`.
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
+    /// Returns `None` if the action's state is not `ActionState::JustPressed`,
+    /// or if the action was not found.
     pub fn get_just_pressed_modifier<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<f32>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
         match action.state {
             ActionState::JustPressed(v) => Some(v),
@@ -443,15 +437,14 @@ impl ActionHandler {
     }
     
     /// Returns the action's modifier if its an updated axis.
-    /// Returns `None` if the action's state is not `ActionState::Axis`.
     /// 
-    /// This will panic if the action name does not correspond to an action.
+    /// Returns `None` if the action's state is not `ActionState::Axis`,
+    /// or if the action was not found.
     pub fn get_axis_modifier<L>(&self, action: L) -> Option<f32>
     where
         L: ActionLabel
     {
-        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Action {action:?} was not found"));
+        let action = self.actions.get(&action.label_hash())?;
 
         match action.state {
             ActionState::Axis(v) => Some(v),
@@ -497,64 +490,64 @@ impl ActionHandlerBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-fn actions_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let keys = world.try_get_resource::<InputButtons<KeyCode>>()
-        .map(|r| r.deref().clone());
-    let mouse_events = world
-        .try_get_resource::<EventQueue>()
-        .and_then(|q| q.read_events::<MouseMotion>());
-    //let mouse = world.try_get_resource()
-
+//fn actions_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+fn actions_system(
+    input_btns: Res<InputButtons<KeyCode>>,
+    mut mouse_ev: EventReader<MouseMotion>,
+    mut handler: ResMut<ActionHandler>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     // clear the states of all axises each frame
-    {
-        let mut handler = world.try_get_resource_mut::<ActionHandler>()
-            .expect("No Input Action handler was created in the world!");
-
-        let layout = handler.layouts.get(&handler.current_layout).expect("No active layout");
-        let mapping = layout.mappings.get(&layout.active_mapping).expect("No active mapping");
-        
-        for (action, _) in mapping.action_binds.clone().iter() {
-            let action = handler.actions.get_mut(action).expect("Action name for binding is invalid!");
-            if action.kind == ActionKind::Axis {
-                action.state = ActionState::Axis(0.0);
-            }
+    let layout = handler.layouts.get(&handler.current_layout).expect("No active layout");
+    let mapping = layout.mappings.get(&layout.active_mapping).expect("No active mapping");
+    for (action, _) in mapping.action_binds.clone().iter() {
+        let action = handler.actions.get_mut(action).expect("Action name for binding is invalid!");
+        if action.kind == ActionKind::Axis {
+            action.state = ActionState::Axis(0.0);
         }
     }
     
-    let motion_avg = if let Some(mouse_events) = mouse_events {
+    // collect all events to a list
+    let mouse_events = {
+        let mut evs = vec![];
+        while let Some(ev) = mouse_ev.read() {
+            evs.push(ev.clone());
+        }
+        evs
+    };
+
+    // get the average motion from the events that were collected last frame
+    let motion_avg = if !mouse_events.is_empty() {
         let count = mouse_events.len();
         let mut sum = Vec2::ZERO;
+        
         for mm in mouse_events {
             sum += mm.delta;
         }
-        Some(sum / count as f32)
-    } else { None };
 
-    let mut handler = world.try_get_resource_mut::<ActionHandler>()
-        .expect("No Input Action handler was created in the world!");
+        sum / count as f32
+    } else { Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0) };
 
     let layout = handler.layouts.get(&handler.current_layout).expect("No active layout");
     let mapping = layout.mappings.get(&layout.active_mapping).expect("No active mapping");
-
     for (action_lbl, binds) in mapping.action_binds.clone().iter() {
         let action = handler.actions.get_mut(action_lbl).expect("Action name for binding is invalid!");
         let mut new_state = None;
 
         for bind in binds.iter() {
             match bind.source {
-                ActionSource::Keyboard(key) => if let Some(keys) = &keys {
+                ActionSource::Keyboard(key) => {
                     // JustPressed needs to be first, since is_pressed includes buttons that
                     // were just pressed.
                     match action.kind {
                         ActionKind::Button => {
-                            if keys.was_just_pressed(key) {
+                            if input_btns.was_just_pressed(key) {
                                 new_state = Some(ActionState::JustPressed(bind.modifier));
-                            } else if keys.is_pressed(key) {
+                            } else if input_btns.is_pressed(key) {
                                 new_state = Some(ActionState::Pressed(bind.modifier));
                             }
                         },
                         ActionKind::Axis => {
-                            if keys.is_pressed(key) {
+                            if input_btns.is_pressed(key) {
                                 new_state = Some(ActionState::Axis(bind.modifier));
                             }
                         }
@@ -564,7 +557,7 @@ fn actions_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                 ActionSource::Gamepad(_, _) => todo!(),
                 ActionSource::Mouse(m) => match m {
                     MouseInput::Button(_) => todo!(),
-                    MouseInput::Axis(a) => if let Some(motion_avg) = motion_avg {
+                    MouseInput::Axis(a) => {
                         match a {
                             MouseAxis::X => {
                                 new_state = Some(ActionState::Axis(motion_avg.x));
@@ -597,7 +590,7 @@ fn actions_system(world: &mut World) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 pub struct InputActionPlugin;
 
 impl Plugin for InputActionPlugin {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut crate::game::Game) {
-        game.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::PreUpdate, "input_actions", actions_system, &[]);
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut crate::game::App) {
+        app.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::PreUpdate, "input_actions", actions_system, &[]);
     }
 }

crates/lyra-game/src/input/buttons.rs

@@ -92,10 +92,7 @@ impl<T: Button> InputButtons<T> {
     pub fn was_just_pressed(&self, button: T) -> bool {
         let hash = Self::get_button_hash(&button);
         match self.button_events.get(&hash) {
-            Some(button_event) => match button_event {
-                ButtonEvent::JustPressed(b) if button == *b => true,
-                _ => false,
-            },
+            Some(button_event) => matches!(button_event, ButtonEvent::JustPressed(b) if button == *b),
             None => false
         }
     }
@@ -105,11 +102,8 @@ impl<T: Button> InputButtons<T> {
     /// This must be done so that a key does not stay as JustPressed between multiple ticks
     pub fn update(&mut self) {
         for bev in self.button_events.values_mut() {
-            match bev {
-                ButtonEvent::JustPressed(btn) => {
-                    *bev = ButtonEvent::Pressed(btn.clone());
-                },
-                _ => {},
+            if let ButtonEvent::JustPressed(btn) = bev {
+                *bev = ButtonEvent::Pressed(btn.clone());
             }
         }
     }

crates/lyra-game/src/input/events.rs

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ pub enum MouseButton {
     Left,
     Right,
     Middle,
+    Back,
+    Forward,
     Other(u16),
 }
 

crates/lyra-game/src/input/system.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use glam::Vec2;
+use lyra_ecs::query::ResMut;
+use winit::{event::{MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent}, keyboard::PhysicalKey};
+
+use crate::{game::GameStages, plugin::Plugin, winit::DeviceEventPair, EventReader, EventWriter};
+
+use super::{events::*, InputButtons, KeyCode};
+
+fn write_scroll_delta(mouse_scroll_ev: &mut EventWriter<MouseScroll>, delta: &MouseScrollDelta) {
+    let event = match delta {
+        MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => MouseScroll {
+            unit: MouseScrollUnit::Line(Vec2::new(*x, *y)),
+        },
+        MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(delta) => MouseScroll {
+            unit: MouseScrollUnit::Pixel(Vec2::new(delta.x as f32, delta.y as f32)),
+        },
+    };
+
+    mouse_scroll_ev.write(event);
+}
+
+fn write_key_event(key_buttons: &mut ResMut<InputButtons<KeyCode>>, physical_key: PhysicalKey, state: winit::event::ElementState) {
+    if let PhysicalKey::Code(code) = physical_key {
+        key_buttons.add_input_from_winit(KeyCode::from(code), state);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn input_system(
+    mut key_code_res: ResMut<InputButtons<KeyCode>>,
+    mut mouse_btn_res: ResMut<InputButtons<MouseButton>>,
+    mut touches_res: ResMut<Touches>,
+    window_ev: EventReader<WindowEvent>,
+    device_ev: EventReader<DeviceEventPair>,
+    mut mouse_scroll_ev: EventWriter<MouseScroll>,
+    mouse_btn_ev: EventWriter<MouseButton>,
+    mouse_exact_ev: EventWriter<MouseExact>,
+    mouse_entered_ev: EventWriter<CursorEnteredWindow>,
+    mouse_left_ev: EventWriter<CursorLeftWindow>,
+    mouse_motion_ev: EventWriter<MouseMotion>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    while let Some(event) = window_ev.read() {
+        match event.deref() {
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. } => {
+                write_key_event(&mut key_code_res, event.physical_key, event.state);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
+                let exact = MouseExact {
+                    pos: Vec2::new(position.x as f32, position.y as f32)
+                };
+
+                mouse_exact_ev.write(exact);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::CursorEntered { .. } => {
+                mouse_entered_ev.write(CursorEnteredWindow);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::CursorLeft { .. } => {
+                mouse_left_ev.write(CursorLeftWindow);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => {
+                write_scroll_delta(&mut mouse_scroll_ev, delta);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput { button, state, .. } => {
+                let button_event = match button {
+                    winit::event::MouseButton::Left => MouseButton::Left,
+                    winit::event::MouseButton::Right => MouseButton::Right,
+                    winit::event::MouseButton::Middle => MouseButton::Middle,
+                    winit::event::MouseButton::Back => MouseButton::Back,
+                    winit::event::MouseButton::Forward => MouseButton::Forward,
+                    winit::event::MouseButton::Other(v) => MouseButton::Other(*v),
+                };
+
+                mouse_btn_ev.write(button_event);
+                mouse_btn_res.add_input_from_winit(button_event, *state);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::Touch(t) => {
+                let touch = Touch {
+                    phase: TouchPhase::from(t.phase),
+                    location: Vec2::new(t.location.x as f32, t.location.y as f32),
+                    force: t.force.map(Force::from),
+                    finger_id: t.id,
+                };
+
+                touches_res.touches.push(touch);
+            },
+            _ => {},
+        }
+    }
+
+    while let Some(device) = device_ev.read() {
+        match &device.event {
+            winit::event::DeviceEvent::Motion { .. } => {
+                // TODO: handle device motion events
+                // A todo! isn't used since these are triggered alongside MouseMotion events
+            }
+            winit::event::DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => {
+                let delta = MouseMotion {
+                    delta: Vec2::new(delta.0 as f32, delta.1 as f32)
+                };
+
+                mouse_motion_ev.write(delta);
+            },
+            winit::event::DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta } => {
+                write_scroll_delta(&mut mouse_scroll_ev, delta);
+            },
+            winit::event::DeviceEvent::Key(key) => {
+                write_key_event(&mut key_code_res, key.physical_key, key.state);
+            },
+            _ => {
+                todo!("unhandled device event: {:?}", device.event);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Plugin that runs InputSystem
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct InputPlugin;
+
+impl Plugin for InputPlugin {
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut crate::game::App) {
+        app.add_resource(InputButtons::<KeyCode>::default());
+        app.add_resource(InputButtons::<MouseButton>::default());
+        app.add_resource(Touches::default());
+        
+        app.register_event::<MouseScroll>();
+        app.register_event::<MouseButton>();
+        app.register_event::<MouseMotion>();
+        app.register_event::<MouseExact>();
+        app.register_event::<CursorEnteredWindow>();
+        app.register_event::<CursorLeftWindow>();
+
+        app.add_system_to_stage(GameStages::PreUpdate, "input", input_system, &[]);
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
-#![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(map_many_mut)]
 
@@ -9,12 +8,14 @@ pub mod game;
 pub mod render;
 pub mod resources;
 pub mod input;
+pub mod winit;
 pub mod as_any;
 pub mod plugin;
-pub mod change_tracker;
 
-pub mod events;
-pub use events::*;
+pub mod sprite;
+
+mod event;
+pub use event::*;
 
 pub mod stage;
 pub use stage::*;
@@ -28,8 +29,6 @@ pub use lyra_resource as assets;
 pub use lyra_ecs as ecs;
 pub use lyra_math as math;
 pub use lyra_reflect as reflect;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "scripting")]
-pub use lyra_scripting as script;
+pub use lyra_gltf as gltf;
 
 pub use plugin::DefaultPlugins;

crates/lyra-game/src/plugin.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,37 @@
+use lyra_ecs::query::ResMut;
 use lyra_ecs::CommandQueue;
+use lyra_gltf::GltfLoader;
 use lyra_resource::ResourceManager;
 
-use crate::EventsPlugin;
+use crate::game::App;
+use crate::winit::{WinitPlugin, WindowPlugin};
 use crate::DeltaTimePlugin;
-use crate::game::Game;
 use crate::input::InputPlugin;
-use crate::render::window::WindowPlugin;
 
 /// A Plugin is something you can add to a `Game` that can be used to define systems, or spawn initial entities.
 pub trait Plugin {
-    /// Setup this plugin. This runs before the game has started
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut Game);
+    /// Setup this plugin. This runs before the app has started
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App);
 
-    fn is_ready(&self, _game: &mut Game) -> bool {
+    fn is_ready(&self, app: &mut App) -> bool {
+        let _ = app;
         true
     }
 
-    fn complete(&self, _game: &mut Game) {
-
+    fn complete(&self, app: &mut App) {
+        let _ = app;
     }
 
-    fn cleanup(&self, _game: &mut Game) {
-
+    fn cleanup(&self, app: &mut App) {
+        let _ = app;
     }
 }
 
 impl<P> Plugin for P
-    where P: Fn(&mut Game)
+    where P: Fn(&mut App)
 {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut Game) {
-        self(game);
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App) {
+        self(app);
     }
 }
 
@@ -56,9 +58,9 @@ impl PluginSet {
 }
 
 impl Plugin for PluginSet {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut Game) {
-        for plugin in self.plugins.iter() {
-            plugin.setup(game);
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App) {
+        for plugin in self.plugins.iter_mut() {
+            plugin.setup(app);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -98,8 +100,8 @@ impl_tuple_plugin_set! { (C0, 0) (C1, 1) (C2, 2) (C3, 3) (C4, 4) (C5, 5) (C6, 6)
 pub struct ResourceManagerPlugin;
 
 impl Plugin for ResourceManagerPlugin {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut Game) {
-        game.world_mut().add_resource(ResourceManager::new());
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App) {
+        app.world.add_resource(ResourceManager::new());
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,13 +110,14 @@ impl Plugin for ResourceManagerPlugin {
 pub struct DefaultPlugins;
 
 impl Plugin for DefaultPlugins {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut Game) {
-        CommandQueuePlugin.setup(game);
-        EventsPlugin.setup(game);
-        InputPlugin.setup(game);
-        ResourceManagerPlugin.setup(game);
-        WindowPlugin::default().setup(game);
-        DeltaTimePlugin.setup(game);
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App) {
+        WinitPlugin::default().setup(app);
+        CommandQueuePlugin.setup(app);
+        InputPlugin.setup(app);
+        ResourceManagerPlugin.setup(app);
+        GltfPlugin.setup(app);
+        WindowPlugin::default().setup(app);
+        DeltaTimePlugin.setup(app);
     }
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +127,17 @@ impl Plugin for DefaultPlugins {
 pub struct CommandQueuePlugin;
 
 impl Plugin for CommandQueuePlugin {
-    fn setup(&self, game: &mut Game) {
-        game.world_mut().add_resource(CommandQueue::default());
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App) {
+        app.world.add_resource(CommandQueue::default());
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct GltfPlugin;
+
+impl Plugin for GltfPlugin {
+    fn setup(&mut self, app: &mut App) {
+        let man: ResMut<ResourceManager> = app.world.get_resource_or_default();
+        man.register_loader::<GltfLoader>();
     }
 }

crates/lyra-game/src/render/avec.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl<T> AVec<T> {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn slot_size(&self) -> usize {
         let a = self.align - 1;
-        mem::align_of::<T>() + (a) & !a
+        (mem::align_of::<T>() + (a)) & !a
     }
 
     /// # Panics
@@ -240,6 +240,11 @@ impl<T> AVec<T> {
         self.len
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len == 0
+    }
+
     /// Returns the capacity of the vector.
     /// 
     /// The capacity is the amount of elements that the vector can store without reallocating.

crates/lyra-game/src/render/camera.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use lyra_reflect::Reflect;
 use winit::dpi::PhysicalSize;
 
 use crate::{math::{Angle, OPENGL_TO_WGPU_MATRIX}, scene::CameraComponent};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Reflect)]
 pub enum CameraProjectionMode {
     /// 3d camera projection
     Perspective,

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/context.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+use std::{collections::VecDeque, sync::Arc};
+
+use tracing::instrument;
+
+use super::{RenderGraphLabel, RenderGraphLabelValue};
+
+/// A queued write to a GPU buffer targeting a graph slot.
+pub(crate) struct GraphBufferWrite {
+    /// The name of the slot that has the resource that will be written
+    pub(crate) target_slot: RenderGraphLabelValue,
+    pub(crate) offset: u64,
+    pub(crate) bytes: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct RenderGraphContext<'a> {
+    /// The [`wgpu::CommandEncoder`] used to encode GPU operations.
+    /// 
+    /// This is `None` during the `prepare` stage.
+    pub encoder: Option<wgpu::CommandEncoder>,
+    /// The gpu device that is being used.
+    pub device: Arc<wgpu::Device>,
+    pub queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>,
+    pub(crate) buffer_writes: VecDeque<GraphBufferWrite>,
+    renderpass_desc: Vec<wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor<'a>>,
+    /// The label of this Node.
+    pub label: RenderGraphLabelValue,
+}
+
+impl<'a> RenderGraphContext<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(device: Arc<wgpu::Device>, queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>, encoder: Option<wgpu::CommandEncoder>, label: RenderGraphLabelValue) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            encoder,
+            device,
+            queue,
+            buffer_writes: Default::default(),
+            renderpass_desc: vec![],
+            label,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn begin_render_pass(
+        &'a mut self,
+        desc: wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor<'a>,
+    ) -> wgpu::RenderPass<'a> {
+        self.encoder
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect(
+                "RenderGraphContext is missing a command encoder. This is likely \
+                because you are trying to run render commands in the prepare stage.",
+            )
+            .begin_render_pass(&desc)
+    }
+
+    pub fn begin_compute_pass(&mut self, desc: &wgpu::ComputePassDescriptor) -> wgpu::ComputePass {
+        self.encoder
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect(
+                "RenderGraphContext is missing a command encoder. This is likely \
+                because you are trying to run render commands in the prepare stage.",
+            )
+            .begin_compute_pass(desc)
+    }
+
+    /// Queue a data write to a buffer at that is contained in `target_slot`.
+    ///
+    /// This does not submit the data to the GPU immediately, or add it to the `wgpu::Queue`. The
+    /// data will be submitted to the GPU queue right after the prepare stage for all passes
+    /// is ran.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, bytes), level="trace", fields(size = bytes.len()))]
+    pub fn queue_buffer_write(&mut self, target_slot: impl RenderGraphLabel, offset: u64, bytes: &[u8]) {
+        self.buffer_writes.push_back(GraphBufferWrite {
+            target_slot: target_slot.into(),
+            offset,
+            bytes: bytes.to_vec(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Queue a data write of a type that  to a buffer at that is contained in `target_slot`.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, bytes), level="trace", fields(size = std::mem::size_of::<T>()))]
+    pub fn queue_buffer_write_with<T: bytemuck::NoUninit>(
+        &mut self,
+        target_slot: impl RenderGraphLabel,
+        offset: u64,
+        bytes: T,
+    ) {
+        self.queue_buffer_write(target_slot, offset, bytemuck::bytes_of(&bytes));
+    }
+
+    /// Submit the encoder to the gpu queue.
+    /// 
+    /// The `encoder` of this context will be `None` until the next node is executed, then another
+    /// one will be made. You likely don't need to run this yourself until you are manually
+    /// presenting a surface texture.
+    pub fn submit_encoder(&mut self) {
+        let en = self.encoder.take()
+            .unwrap()
+            .finish();
+        self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(en));
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+mod node;
+use std::{
+    cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut}, collections::VecDeque, fmt::Debug, hash::Hash, rc::Rc, sync::Arc
+};
+
+use lyra_ecs::World;
+pub use node::*;
+
+mod passes;
+pub use passes::*;
+
+mod slot_desc;
+pub use slot_desc::*;
+
+mod context;
+pub use context::*;
+
+mod render_target;
+pub use render_target::*;
+
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
+use tracing::{debug_span, instrument, trace, warn};
+use wgpu::CommandEncoder;
+
+use super::resource::{ComputePipeline, Pass, Pipeline, RenderPipeline};
+
+/// A trait that represents the label of a resource, slot, or node in the [`RenderGraph`].
+pub trait RenderGraphLabel: Debug + 'static {
+    fn rc_clone(&self) -> Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>;
+    fn as_label_hash(&self) -> u64;
+
+    fn label_eq_rc(&self, other: &Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>) -> bool {
+        self.as_label_hash() == other.as_label_hash()
+    }
+
+    fn label_eq(&self, other: &dyn RenderGraphLabel) -> bool {
+        self.as_label_hash() == other.as_label_hash()
+    }
+}
+
+/// An owned [`RenderGraphLabel`].
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RenderGraphLabelValue(Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>);
+
+impl Debug for RenderGraphLabelValue {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<L: RenderGraphLabel> From<L> for RenderGraphLabelValue {
+    fn from(value: L) -> Self {
+        Self(Rc::new(value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>> for RenderGraphLabelValue {
+    fn from(value: Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>) -> Self {
+        Self(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>> for RenderGraphLabelValue {
+    fn from(value: &Rc<dyn RenderGraphLabel>) -> Self {
+        Self(value.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for RenderGraphLabelValue {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        state.write_u64(self.0.as_label_hash());
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for RenderGraphLabelValue {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.0.label_eq_rc(&other.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for RenderGraphLabelValue {}
+
+struct NodeEntry {
+    /// The Node
+    inner: Arc<RefCell<dyn Node>>,
+    /// The Node descriptor
+    desc: Rc<RefCell<NodeDesc>>,
+    /// The index of the node in the execution graph
+    graph_index: petgraph::matrix_graph::NodeIndex<usize>,
+    /// The Node's optional pipeline
+    pipeline: Rc<RefCell<Option<Pipeline>>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct BindGroupEntry {
+    label: RenderGraphLabelValue,
+    /// BindGroup
+    bg: Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
+    /// BindGroupLayout
+    layout: Option<Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>,
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct ResourceSlot {
+    label: RenderGraphLabelValue,
+    ty: SlotType,
+    value: SlotValue,
+}
+
+pub struct RenderGraph {
+    device: Arc<wgpu::Device>,
+    queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>,
+    slots: FxHashMap<RenderGraphLabelValue, ResourceSlot>,
+    nodes: FxHashMap<RenderGraphLabelValue, NodeEntry>,
+    sub_graphs: FxHashMap<RenderGraphLabelValue, RenderGraph>,
+    bind_groups: FxHashMap<RenderGraphLabelValue, BindGroupEntry>,
+    /// A directed graph used to determine dependencies of nodes.
+    node_graph: petgraph::matrix_graph::DiMatrix<RenderGraphLabelValue, (), Option<()>, usize>,
+    view_target: Rc<RefCell<ViewTarget>>,
+    shader_prepoc: wgsl_preprocessor::Processor,
+}
+
+impl RenderGraph {
+    pub fn new(device: Arc<wgpu::Device>, queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>, view_target: Rc<RefCell<ViewTarget>>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device,
+            queue,
+            slots: Default::default(),
+            nodes: Default::default(),
+            sub_graphs: Default::default(),
+            bind_groups: Default::default(),
+            node_graph: Default::default(),
+            view_target,
+            shader_prepoc: wgsl_preprocessor::Processor::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn device(&self) -> &wgpu::Device {
+        &self.device
+    }
+
+    /// Add a [`Node`] to the RenderGraph.
+    /// 
+    /// When the node is added, its [`Node::desc`] method will be executed.
+    /// 
+    /// Additionally, all [`Slot`](node::NodeSlot)s of the node will be iterated,
+    /// 1. Ensuring that there are no two slots of the same name, with different value types
+    /// 2. Changing the id of insert slots to match the id of the output slot of the same name.
+    ///     * This means that the id of insert slots **ARE NOT STABLE**. **DO NOT** rely on them to
+    ///     not change. The IDs of output slots do stay the same.
+    /// 3. Ensuring that no two slots share the same ID when the names do not match.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, node), level = "debug")]
+    pub fn add_node<P: Node>(&mut self, label: impl RenderGraphLabel, mut node: P) {
+        let mut desc = node.desc(self);
+
+        // collect all the slots of the node
+        for slot in &mut desc.slots {
+            if let Some(other) = self
+                .slots
+                .get_mut(&slot.label)
+            {
+                debug_assert_eq!(
+                    slot.ty, other.ty,
+                    "slot {:?} in node {:?} does not match existing slot of same name",
+                    slot.label, label
+                );
+            } else {
+                debug_assert!(!self.slots.contains_key(&slot.label),
+                    "Reuse of id detected in render graph! Node: {:?}, slot: {:?}",
+                    label, slot.label,
+                );
+
+                let res_slot = ResourceSlot {
+                    label: slot.label.clone(),
+                    ty: slot.ty,
+                    value: slot.value.clone().unwrap_or(SlotValue::None),
+                };
+
+                self.slots.insert(slot.label.clone(), res_slot);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get clones of the bind groups and layouts
+        for (label, bg, bgl) in &desc.bind_groups {
+            self.bind_groups.insert(label.clone(), BindGroupEntry {
+                label: label.clone(),
+                bg: bg.clone(),
+                layout: bgl.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let label: RenderGraphLabelValue = label.into();
+        let index = self.node_graph.add_node(label.clone());
+
+        self.nodes.insert(
+            label,
+            NodeEntry {
+                inner: Arc::new(RefCell::new(node)),
+                desc: Rc::new(RefCell::new(desc)),
+                graph_index: index,
+                pipeline: Rc::new(RefCell::new(None)),
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Creates all buffers required for the nodes.
+    /// 
+    /// This only needs to be ran when the [`Node`]s in the graph change, or they are removed or
+    /// added.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device))]
+    pub fn setup(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device) {
+        // For all nodes, create their pipelines
+        for node in self.nodes.values_mut() {
+            let desc = (*node.desc).borrow();
+            if let Some(pipeline_desc) = &desc.pipeline_desc {
+                let pipeline = match desc.ty {
+                    NodeType::Render => Pipeline::Render(RenderPipeline::create(
+                        device,
+                        pipeline_desc
+                            .as_render_pipeline_descriptor()
+                            .expect("got compute pipeline descriptor in a render node"),
+                    )),
+                    NodeType::Compute => Pipeline::Compute(ComputePipeline::create(
+                        device,
+                        pipeline_desc
+                            .as_compute_pipeline_descriptor()
+                            .expect("got render pipeline descriptor in a compute node"),
+                    )),
+                    NodeType::Presenter | NodeType::Node | NodeType::Graph => {
+                        panic!("Present or Node RenderGraph nodes should not have a pipeline descriptor!");
+                    },
+                };
+
+                drop(desc);
+
+                let mut node_pipeline = node.pipeline.borrow_mut();
+                *node_pipeline = Some(pipeline);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for sub in self.sub_graphs.values_mut() {
+            sub.setup(device);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, world))]
+    pub fn prepare(&mut self, world: &mut World) {
+        let mut buffer_writes = VecDeque::<GraphBufferWrite>::new();
+        // reserve some buffer writes. not all nodes write so half the amount of them is probably
+        // fine.
+        buffer_writes.reserve(self.nodes.len() / 2);
+
+        let mut sorted: VecDeque<RenderGraphLabelValue> = petgraph::algo::toposort(&self.node_graph, None)
+            .expect("RenderGraph had cycled!")
+            .iter()
+            .map(|i| self.node_graph[*i].clone())
+            .collect();
+
+        while let Some(node_label) = sorted.pop_front() {
+            let node = self.nodes.get(&node_label).unwrap();
+            let device = self.device.clone();
+            let queue = self.queue.clone();
+
+            let inner = node.inner.clone();
+            let mut inner = inner.borrow_mut();
+
+            let mut context = RenderGraphContext::new(device, queue, None, node_label.clone());
+            inner.prepare(self, world, &mut context);
+            buffer_writes.append(&mut context.buffer_writes);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // Queue all buffer writes to the gpu
+            let s = debug_span!("queue_buffer_writes");
+            let _e = s.enter();
+
+            while let Some(bufwr) = buffer_writes.pop_front() {
+                let slot = self
+                    .slots
+                    .get(&bufwr.target_slot)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Failed to find slot '{:?}' for buffer write",
+                        bufwr.target_slot));
+                let buf = slot
+                    .value
+                    .as_buffer()
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Slot '{:?}' is not a buffer", bufwr.target_slot));
+
+                self.queue.write_buffer(buf, bufwr.offset, &bufwr.bytes);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_encoder(&self) -> CommandEncoder {
+        self.device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+            label: Some("graph encoder"),
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self))]
+    pub fn render(&mut self) {
+        let mut sorted: VecDeque<RenderGraphLabelValue> = petgraph::algo::toposort(&self.node_graph, None)
+            .expect("RenderGraph had cycled!")
+            .iter()
+            .map(|i| self.node_graph[*i].clone())
+            .collect();
+
+        // A bit of 'encoder hot potato' is played using this.
+        // Although the encoder is an option, its only an option so ownership of it can be given
+        // to the context for the time of the node execution.
+        // After the node is executed, the encoder is taken back. If the node is a presenter node,
+        // the encoder will be submitted and a new one will be made.
+        let mut encoder = Some(self.create_encoder());
+
+        while let Some(node_label) = sorted.pop_front() {
+            let node = self.nodes.get(&node_label).unwrap();
+            let node_inn = node.inner.clone();
+            
+            let node_desc = node.desc.clone();
+            let node_desc = (*node_desc).borrow();
+
+            // clone of the Rc's is required to appease the borrow checker
+            let device = self.device.clone();
+            let queue = self.queue.clone();
+
+            // create a new encoder if the last one was submitted
+            if encoder.is_none() {
+                encoder = Some(self.create_encoder());
+            }
+
+            let mut context = RenderGraphContext::new(device, queue, encoder.take(), node_label.clone());
+
+            trace!("Executing {:?}", node_label.0);
+            let mut inner = node_inn.borrow_mut();
+            inner.execute(self, &node_desc, &mut context);
+
+            // take back the encoder from the context
+            encoder = context.encoder;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(encoder) = encoder {
+            self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn slot_value<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> Option<&SlotValue> {
+        self.slots.get(&label.into()).map(|s| &s.value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn slot_value_mut<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&mut self, label: L) -> Option<&mut SlotValue> {
+        self.slots.get_mut(&label.into()).map(|s| &mut s.value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn node_desc<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> Option<Ref<NodeDesc>> {
+        self.nodes.get(&label.into()).map(|s| (*s.desc).borrow())
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn pipeline<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> Option<Ref<Pipeline>> {
+        self.nodes.get(&label.into())
+            .and_then(|p| {
+                let v = p.pipeline.borrow();
+
+                #[allow(clippy::manual_map)]
+                match &*v {
+                    Some(_) => Some(Ref::map(v, |p| p.as_ref().unwrap())),
+                    None => None,
+                }
+            })
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn try_bind_group<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> Option<&Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>> {
+        self.bind_groups.get(&label.into()).map(|e| &e.bg)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn bind_group<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> &Arc<wgpu::BindGroup> {
+        let l = label.into();
+        self.try_bind_group(l.clone()).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Unknown label '{:?}' for bind group layout", l.clone()))
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn try_bind_group_layout<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> Option<&Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>> {
+        self.bind_groups.get(&label.into()).and_then(|e| e.layout.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn bind_group_layout<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&self, label: L) -> &Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout> {
+        let l = label.into();
+        self.try_bind_group_layout(l.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Unknown label '{:?}' for bind group layout", l.clone()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_edge(&mut self, from: impl RenderGraphLabel, to: impl RenderGraphLabel)
+    {
+        let from = RenderGraphLabelValue::from(from);
+        let to = RenderGraphLabelValue::from(to);
+
+        let from_idx = self
+            .nodes
+            .iter()
+            .find(|p| *p.0 == from)
+            .map(|p| p.1.graph_index)
+            .expect("Failed to find from node");
+        let to_idx = self
+            .nodes
+            .iter()
+            .find(|p| *p.0 == to)
+            .map(|p| p.1.graph_index)
+            .expect("Failed to find to node");
+
+        debug_assert_ne!(from_idx, to_idx, "cannot add edges between the same node");
+
+        self.node_graph.add_edge(from_idx, to_idx, ());
+    }
+
+    /// Utility method for setting the bind groups for a node.
+    /// 
+    /// The parameter `bind_groups` can be used to specify the labels of a bind group, and the
+    /// index of the bind group in the pipeline for the node. If a bind group of the provided
+    /// name is not found in the graph, a panic will occur.
+    /// 
+    /// # Example:
+    /// ```nobuild
+    /// graph.set_bind_groups(
+    ///     &mut pass,
+    ///     &[
+    ///         // retrieves the `BasePassSlots::DepthTexture` bind group and sets the index 0 in the
+    ///         // node to it.
+    ///         (&BaseNodeSlots::DepthTexture, 0),
+    ///         (&BaseNodeSlots::Camera, 1),
+    ///         (&LightBaseNodeSlots::Lights, 2),
+    ///         (&LightCullComputeNodeSlots::LightIndicesGridGroup, 3),
+    ///         (&BaseNodeSlots::ScreenSize, 4),
+    ///     ],
+    /// );
+    /// ```
+    /// 
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if a bind group of a provided name is not found.
+    pub fn set_bind_groups<'a, P: Pass<'a>>(
+        &'a self,
+        pass: &mut P,
+        bind_groups: &[(&dyn RenderGraphLabel, u32)],
+    ) {
+        for (label, index) in bind_groups {
+            let bg = self
+                .bind_group(label.rc_clone());
+
+            pass.set_bind_group(*index, bg, &[]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn sub_graph_mut<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&mut self, label: L) -> Option<&mut RenderGraph> {
+        self.sub_graphs.get_mut(&label.into())
+    }
+
+    /// Add a sub graph.
+    /// 
+    /// > Note: the sub graph is not ran unless you add a node that executes it. See [`SubGraphNode`].
+    pub fn add_sub_graph<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(&mut self, label: L, sub: RenderGraph) {
+        self.sub_graphs.insert(label.into(), sub);
+    }
+
+    /// Clone rendering resources (slots, bind groups, etc.) to a sub graph.
+    fn clone_resources_to_sub(&mut self, sub_graph: RenderGraphLabelValue, slots: Vec<RenderGraphLabelValue>) {
+        // instead of inserting the slots to the sub graph as they are extracted from the parent graph,
+        // they are done separately to make the borrow checker happy. If this is not done,
+        // the borrow checker complains about multiple mutable borrows (or an inmutable borrow
+        // while mutable borrowing) to self; caused by borrowing the sub graph from self, and
+        // self.slots.
+        let mut collected_slots = VecDeque::new();
+        let mut collected_bind_groups = VecDeque::new();
+
+        for slot in slots.iter() {
+            let mut found_res = false;
+
+            // Since slots and bind groups may go by the same label,
+            // there must be a way to collect both of them. A flag variable is used to detect
+            // if neither was found.
+
+            if let Some(slot_res) = self.slots.get(slot) {
+                collected_slots.push_back(slot_res.clone());
+                found_res = true;
+            }
+            
+            if let Some(bg_res) = self.bind_groups.get(slot) {
+                collected_bind_groups.push_back(bg_res.clone());
+                found_res = true;
+            }
+            
+            if !found_res {
+                panic!("sub graph is missing {:?} input slot or bind group", slot);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let sg = self.sub_graph_mut(sub_graph.clone()).unwrap();
+        while let Some(res) = collected_slots.pop_front() {
+            sg.slots.insert(res.label.clone(), res);
+        }
+
+        while let Some(bg) = collected_bind_groups.pop_front() {
+            sg.bind_groups.insert(bg.label.clone(), bg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn view_target(&self) -> Ref<ViewTarget> {
+        self.view_target.borrow()
+    }
+
+    pub fn view_target_mut(&self) -> RefMut<ViewTarget> {
+        self.view_target.borrow_mut()
+    }
+
+    /// Register a shader with the preprocessor.
+    /// 
+    /// This step also parses the shader and will return errors if it failed to parse.
+    /// 
+    /// Returns: The shader module import path if the module specified one.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn register_shader(&mut self, shader_src: &str) -> Result<Option<String>, wgsl_preprocessor::Error> {
+        self.shader_prepoc.parse_module(shader_src)
+    }
+
+    /// Preprocess a shader, returning the source.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn preprocess_shader(&mut self, shader_path: &str) -> Result<String, wgsl_preprocessor::Error> {
+        self.shader_prepoc.preprocess_module(shader_path)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SubGraphNode {
+    subg: RenderGraphLabelValue,
+    slots: Vec<RenderGraphLabelValue>,
+}
+
+impl SubGraphNode {
+    pub fn new<L: Into<RenderGraphLabelValue>>(sub_label: L, slot_labels: Vec<RenderGraphLabelValue>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            subg: sub_label.into(),
+            slots: slot_labels,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for SubGraphNode {
+    fn desc(&mut self, _: &mut RenderGraph) -> NodeDesc {
+        NodeDesc::new(NodeType::Graph, None, vec![])
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(&mut self, graph: &mut RenderGraph, world: &mut World, _: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
+        graph.clone_resources_to_sub(self.subg.clone(), self.slots.clone());
+
+        let sg = graph.sub_graph_mut(self.subg.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("failed to find sub graph for SubGraphNode: {:?}", self.subg));
+        sg.prepare(world);
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut RenderGraph,
+        _: &NodeDesc,
+        _: &mut RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        graph.clone_resources_to_sub(self.subg.clone(), self.slots.clone());
+        
+        let sg = graph.sub_graph_mut(self.subg.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("failed to find sub graph for SubGraphNode: {:?}", self.subg));       
+        sg.render();
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/node.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::{cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut}, num::NonZeroU32, rc::Rc};
+use std::{cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut}, num::NonZeroU32, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
 
 use bind_match::bind_match;
 use lyra_ecs::World;
 
 use crate::render::resource::PipelineDescriptor;
 
-use super::{RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, RenderGraphLabel, RenderGraphLabelValue, RenderTarget};
+use super::{Frame, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, RenderGraphLabel, RenderGraphLabelValue, RenderTarget};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
 pub enum NodeType {
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ pub enum NodeType {
     Render,
     /// A node that presents render results to a render target.
     Presenter,
+    /// A node that represents a sub-graph.
+    Graph,
 }
 
 impl NodeType {
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ impl NodeType {
             NodeType::Compute => true,
             NodeType::Render => true,
             NodeType::Presenter => false,
+            NodeType::Graph => false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -40,25 +43,35 @@ pub enum SlotType {
     Texture,
     Buffer,
     RenderTarget,
+    Frame,
 }
 
 /// The value of a slot in a [`Node`].
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum SlotValue {
     /// This slot doesn't have any value
     None,
     /// The value will be set during a later phase of the render graph. To see the type of value
     /// this will be set to, see the slots type.
     Lazy,
-    TextureView(Rc<wgpu::TextureView>),
+    TextureView(Arc<wgpu::TextureView>),
     Sampler(Rc<wgpu::Sampler>),
-    Texture(Rc<wgpu::Texture>),
-    Buffer(Rc<wgpu::Buffer>),
+    Texture(Arc<wgpu::Texture>),
+    Buffer(Arc<wgpu::Buffer>),
     RenderTarget(Rc<RefCell<RenderTarget>>),
+    Frame(Rc<RefCell<Option<Frame>>>),
 }
 
 impl SlotValue {
-    pub fn as_texture_view(&self) -> Option<&Rc<wgpu::TextureView>> {
+    pub fn is_none(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::None)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_lazy(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Lazy)
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_texture_view(&self) -> Option<&Arc<wgpu::TextureView>> {
         bind_match!(self, Self::TextureView(v) => v)
     }
 
@@ -66,11 +79,11 @@ impl SlotValue {
         bind_match!(self, Self::Sampler(v) => v)
     }
 
-    pub fn as_texture(&self) -> Option<&Rc<wgpu::Texture>> {
+    pub fn as_texture(&self) -> Option<&Arc<wgpu::Texture>> {
         bind_match!(self, Self::Texture(v) => v)
     }
 
-    pub fn as_buffer(&self) -> Option<&Rc<wgpu::Buffer>> {
+    pub fn as_buffer(&self) -> Option<&Arc<wgpu::Buffer>> {
         bind_match!(self, Self::Buffer(v) => v)
     }
 
@@ -81,6 +94,14 @@ impl SlotValue {
     pub fn as_render_target_mut(&mut self) -> Option<RefMut<RenderTarget>> {
         bind_match!(self, Self::RenderTarget(v) => v.borrow_mut())
     }
+
+    pub fn as_frame(&self) -> Option<Ref<Option<Frame>>> {
+        bind_match!(self, Self::Frame(v) => v.borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_frame_mut(&mut self) -> Option<RefMut<Option<Frame>>> {
+        bind_match!(self, Self::Frame(v) => v.borrow_mut())
+    }
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum SlotAttribute {
@@ -132,6 +153,7 @@ pub struct RenderGraphPipelineInfo {
     pub multiview: Option<NonZeroU32>,
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 impl RenderGraphPipelineInfo {
     pub fn new(
         label: &str,
@@ -147,7 +169,7 @@ impl RenderGraphPipelineInfo {
             label: Some(label.to_string()),
             bind_group_layouts: bind_group_layouts
                 .into_iter()
-                .map(|bgl| Rc::new(bgl))
+                .map(Rc::new)
                 .collect(),
             vertex,
             primitive,
@@ -175,8 +197,8 @@ pub struct NodeDesc {
     /// This makes the bind groups accessible to other Nodes.
     pub bind_groups: Vec<(
         RenderGraphLabelValue,
-        Rc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
-        Option<Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>,
+        Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
+        Option<Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>,
     )>,
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +207,7 @@ impl NodeDesc {
     pub fn new(
         pass_type: NodeType,
         pipeline_desc: Option<PipelineDescriptor>,
-        bind_groups: Vec<(&dyn RenderGraphLabel, Rc<wgpu::BindGroup>, Option<Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>)>,
+        bind_groups: Vec<(&dyn RenderGraphLabel, Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>, Option<Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>)>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             ty: pass_type,
@@ -342,13 +364,13 @@ impl NodeDesc {
 /// describes all resources the node requires for execution during the `execute` phase. 
 pub trait Node: 'static {
     /// Retrieve a descriptor of the Node.
-    fn desc<'a, 'b>(&'a mut self, graph: &'b mut RenderGraph) -> NodeDesc;
+    fn desc(&mut self, graph: &mut RenderGraph) -> NodeDesc;
 
     /// Prepare the node for rendering.
     /// 
     /// This phase runs before `execute` and is meant to be used to collect data from the World
     /// and write to GPU buffers.
-    fn prepare(&mut self, world: &mut World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext);
+    fn prepare(&mut self, graph: &mut RenderGraph, world: &mut World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext);
     
     /// Execute the node.
     /// 

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/base.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use glam::UVec2;
 use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
     render::{
         camera::{CameraUniform, RenderCamera},
         graph::{
-            RenderGraphContext, Node, NodeDesc, NodeSlot,
-            NodeType, RenderTarget, SlotAttribute, SlotType, SlotValue,
+            Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, SlotAttribute, SlotValue
         },
         render_buffer::BufferWrapper, texture::RenderTexture,
     },
@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ pub enum BasePassSlots {
     DepthTexture,
     ScreenSize,
     Camera,
-    MainRenderTarget,
-    WindowTextureView,
     DepthTextureView,
 }
 
@@ -35,27 +32,12 @@ pub enum BasePassSlots {
 /// screen size buffer, camera buffer,
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct BasePass {
-    /// Temporary storage for the main render target
-    ///
-    /// This should be Some when the pass is first created then after its added to
-    /// the render graph it will be None and stay None.
-    temp_render_target: Option<RenderTarget>,
-    screen_size: glam::UVec2,
+    screen_size: UVec2,
 }
 
 impl BasePass {
-    pub fn new(surface: wgpu::Surface, surface_config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration) -> Self {
-        let size = glam::UVec2::new(surface_config.width, surface_config.height);
-
-        Self {
-            temp_render_target: Some(RenderTarget {
-                surface,
-                surface_config,
-                current_texture: None,
-            }),
-            screen_size: size,
-            ..Default::default()
-        }
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
     }
 }
 
@@ -64,11 +46,8 @@ impl Node for BasePass {
         &mut self,
         graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
     ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
-        let render_target = self.temp_render_target.take().unwrap();
-        self.screen_size = UVec2::new(
-            render_target.surface_config.width,
-            render_target.surface_config.height,
-        );
+        let vt = graph.view_target();
+        self.screen_size = vt.size();
 
         let (screen_size_bgl, screen_size_bg, screen_size_buf, _) = BufferWrapper::builder()
             .buffer_usage(wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST)
@@ -76,9 +55,9 @@ impl Node for BasePass {
             .visibility(wgpu::ShaderStages::COMPUTE)
             .buffer_dynamic_offset(false)
             .contents(&[self.screen_size])
-            .finish_parts(&graph.device());
-        let screen_size_bgl = Rc::new(screen_size_bgl);
-        let screen_size_bg = Rc::new(screen_size_bg);
+            .finish_parts(graph.device());
+        let screen_size_bgl = Arc::new(screen_size_bgl);
+        let screen_size_bg = Arc::new(screen_size_bg);
 
         let (camera_bgl, camera_bg, camera_buf, _) = BufferWrapper::builder()
             .buffer_usage(wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST)
@@ -86,18 +65,18 @@ impl Node for BasePass {
             .visibility(wgpu::ShaderStages::all())
             .buffer_dynamic_offset(false)
             .contents(&[CameraUniform::default()])
-            .finish_parts(&graph.device());
-        let camera_bgl = Rc::new(camera_bgl);
-        let camera_bg = Rc::new(camera_bg);
+            .finish_parts(graph.device());
+        let camera_bgl = Arc::new(camera_bgl);
+        let camera_bg = Arc::new(camera_bg);
 
         // create the depth texture using the utility struct, then take all the required fields
-        let mut depth_texture = RenderTexture::create_depth_texture(&graph.device(), &render_target.surface_config, "depth_texture");
+        let mut depth_texture = RenderTexture::create_depth_texture(graph.device(), self.screen_size, "depth_texture");
         depth_texture.create_bind_group(&graph.device);
 
         let dt_bg_pair = depth_texture.bindgroup_pair.unwrap();
-        let depth_texture_bg = Rc::new(dt_bg_pair.bindgroup);
+        let depth_texture_bg = Arc::new(dt_bg_pair.bindgroup);
         let depth_texture_bgl = dt_bg_pair.layout;
-        let depth_texture_view = Rc::new(depth_texture.view);
+        let depth_texture_view = Arc::new(depth_texture.view);
 
         let mut desc = NodeDesc::new(
             NodeType::Node,
@@ -115,19 +94,6 @@ impl Node for BasePass {
             ],
         );
 
-        desc.add_slot(NodeSlot {
-            ty: SlotType::RenderTarget,
-            attribute: SlotAttribute::Output,
-            label: BasePassSlots::MainRenderTarget.into(),
-            value: Some(SlotValue::RenderTarget(Rc::new(RefCell::new(
-                render_target,
-            )))),
-        });
-        desc.add_texture_view_slot(
-            BasePassSlots::WindowTextureView,
-            SlotAttribute::Output,
-            Some(SlotValue::Lazy),
-        );
         desc.add_texture_view_slot(
             BasePassSlots::DepthTextureView,
             SlotAttribute::Output,
@@ -136,21 +102,23 @@ impl Node for BasePass {
         desc.add_buffer_slot(
             BasePassSlots::ScreenSize,
             SlotAttribute::Output,
-            Some(SlotValue::Buffer(Rc::new(screen_size_buf))),
+            Some(SlotValue::Buffer(Arc::new(screen_size_buf))),
         );
         desc.add_buffer_slot(
             BasePassSlots::Camera,
             SlotAttribute::Output,
-            Some(SlotValue::Buffer(Rc::new(camera_buf))),
+            Some(SlotValue::Buffer(Arc::new(camera_buf))),
         );
 
         desc
     }
 
-    fn prepare(&mut self, world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
+    fn prepare(&mut self, graph: &mut RenderGraph, world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
         if let Some(camera) = world.view_iter::<&mut CameraComponent>().next() {
+            let screen_size = graph.view_target().size();
+
             let mut render_cam =
-                RenderCamera::new(PhysicalSize::new(self.screen_size.x, self.screen_size.y));
+                RenderCamera::new(PhysicalSize::new(screen_size.x, screen_size.y));
             let uniform = render_cam.calc_view_projection(&camera);
 
             context.queue_buffer_write_with(BasePassSlots::Camera, 0, uniform)
@@ -165,35 +133,19 @@ impl Node for BasePass {
         _desc: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
         context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
     ) {
-        let tv_slot = graph
-            .slot_value_mut(BasePassSlots::MainRenderTarget)
-            .expect("somehow the main render target slot is missing");
-        let mut rt = tv_slot.as_render_target_mut().unwrap();
-        debug_assert!(
+        let mut vt = graph.view_target_mut();
+        vt.primary.create_frame();
+        vt.primary.create_frame_view();
+        /* debug_assert!(
             !rt.current_texture.is_some(),
             "main render target surface was not presented!"
-        );
+        ); */
 
         // update the screen size buffer if the size changed.
-        if rt.surface_config.width != self.screen_size.x
-            || rt.surface_config.height != self.screen_size.y
-        {
-            self.screen_size = UVec2::new(rt.surface_config.width, rt.surface_config.height);
+        let rt_size = vt.size();
+        if rt_size != self.screen_size {
+            self.screen_size = rt_size;
             context.queue_buffer_write_with(BasePassSlots::ScreenSize, 0, self.screen_size)
         }
-
-        let surface_tex = rt.surface.get_current_texture().unwrap();
-        let view = surface_tex
-            .texture
-            .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
-
-        rt.current_texture = Some(surface_tex);
-        drop(rt); // must be manually dropped for borrow checker when getting texture view slot
-
-        // store the surface texture to the slot
-        let tv_slot = graph
-            .slot_value_mut(BasePassSlots::WindowTextureView)
-            .expect("somehow the window texture view slot is missing");
-        *tv_slot = SlotValue::TextureView(Rc::new(view));
     }
 }

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/fxaa.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+
+use crate::render::{
+    graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
+    resource::{FragmentState, PipelineDescriptor, RenderPipelineDescriptor, Shader, VertexState},
+};
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct FxaaPassLabel;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct FxaaPass {
+    target_sampler: Option<wgpu::Sampler>,
+    bgl: Option<Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>,
+    /// Store bind groups for the input textures.
+    /// The texture may change due to resizes, or changes to the view target chain
+    /// from other nodes.
+    bg_cache: HashMap<wgpu::Id<wgpu::TextureView>, wgpu::BindGroup>,
+}
+
+impl FxaaPass {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for FxaaPass {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        let device = &graph.device;
+
+        let bgl = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("fxaa_bgl"),
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
+                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                        multisampled: false,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                    count: None,
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+        let bgl = Arc::new(bgl);
+        self.bgl = Some(bgl.clone());
+        self.target_sampler = Some(device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
+            label: Some("fxaa sampler"),
+            mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }));
+
+        let shader = Rc::new(Shader {
+            label: Some("fxaa_shader".into()),
+            source: include_str!("../../shaders/fxaa.wgsl").to_string(),
+        });
+
+        let vt = graph.view_target();
+        
+        NodeDesc::new(
+            NodeType::Render,
+            Some(PipelineDescriptor::Render(RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+                label: Some("fxaa_pass".into()),
+                layouts: vec![bgl.clone()],
+                push_constant_ranges: vec![],
+                vertex: VertexState {
+                    module: shader.clone(),
+                    entry_point: "vs_main".into(),
+                    buffers: vec![],
+                },
+                fragment: Some(FragmentState {
+                    module: shader,
+                    entry_point: "fs_main".into(),
+                    targets: vec![Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                        format: vt.format(),
+                        blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
+                        write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                    })],
+                }),
+                depth_stencil: None,
+                primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState::default(),
+                multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState::default(),
+                multiview: None,
+            })),
+            vec![],
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        //todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let pipeline = graph
+            .pipeline(context.label.clone())
+            .expect("Failed to find pipeline for FxaaPass");
+
+        let mut vt = graph.view_target_mut();
+        let chain = vt.get_chain();
+        let source_view = chain.source.frame_view.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let dest_view = chain.dest.frame_view.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let bg = self
+            .bg_cache
+            .entry(source_view.global_id())
+            .or_insert_with(|| {
+                graph
+                    .device()
+                    .create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                        label: Some("fxaa_bg"),
+                        layout: self.bgl.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                        entries: &[
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 0,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(source_view),
+                            },
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 1,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(
+                                    self.target_sampler.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                                ),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                    })
+            });
+
+        {
+            let encoder = context.encoder.as_mut().unwrap();
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("fxaa_pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view: dest_view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                })],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None, // TODO: occlusion queries
+            });
+            pass.set_pipeline(pipeline.as_render());
+
+            pass.set_bind_group(0, bg, &[]);
+            pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/init.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+
+use crate::render::graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeSlot, NodeType};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct InitNodeLabel;
+
+pub struct InitNode {
+    slots: Vec<NodeSlot>,
+}
+
+impl Node for InitNode {
+    fn desc(&mut self, _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        let mut desc = NodeDesc::new(NodeType::Node, None, vec![]);
+        // the slots can just be cloned since the slot attribute doesn't really matter much.
+        desc.slots = self.slots.clone();
+
+        desc
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(&mut self, _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph, _: &mut lyra_ecs::World, _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext) {
+        
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/light_base.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
 
 use crate::render::{
     graph::{
-        RenderGraphContext, Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, SlotAttribute,
-        SlotValue,
+        Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, SlotAttribute, SlotValue
     },
     light::LightUniformBuffers,
 };
@@ -58,10 +57,10 @@ impl Node for LightBasePass {
         desc
     }
 
-    fn prepare(&mut self, world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
+    fn prepare(&mut self, _graph: &mut RenderGraph, world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
         let tick = world.current_tick();
         let lights = self.light_buffers.as_mut().unwrap();
-        lights.update_lights(context.queue, tick, world);
+        lights.update_lights(&context.queue, tick, world);
     }
 
     fn execute(

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/light_cull_compute.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-use std::{mem, rc::Rc};
+use std::{mem, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
 
+use glam::Vec2Swizzles;
 use lyra_ecs::World;
 use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
 use crate::render::{
     graph::{
-        RenderGraphContext, Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, SlotAttribute,
-        SlotValue,
-    },
-    resource::{ComputePipelineDescriptor, PipelineDescriptor, Shader},
+        Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, SlotAttribute, SlotValue
+    }, renderer::ScreenSize, resource::{ComputePipeline, ComputePipelineDescriptor, Shader}
 };
 
 use super::{BasePassSlots, LightBasePassSlots};
@@ -27,12 +26,14 @@ pub enum LightCullComputePassSlots {
 
 pub struct LightCullComputePass {
     workgroup_size: glam::UVec2,
+    pipeline: Option<ComputePipeline>,
 }
 
 impl LightCullComputePass {
     pub fn new(screen_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) -> Self {
         Self {
             workgroup_size: glam::UVec2::new(screen_size.width, screen_size.height),
+            pipeline: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -42,19 +43,6 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
         &mut self,
         graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
     ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
-        let shader = Rc::new(Shader {
-            label: Some("light_cull_comp_shader".into()),
-            source: include_str!("../../shaders/light_cull.comp.wgsl").to_string(),
-        });
-
-        // get the size of the work group for the grid
-        let main_rt = graph
-            .slot_value(BasePassSlots::MainRenderTarget)
-            .and_then(|s| s.as_render_target())
-            .expect("missing main render target");
-        self.workgroup_size =
-            glam::UVec2::new(main_rt.surface_config.width, main_rt.surface_config.height);
-
         // initialize some buffers with empty data
         let mut contents = Vec::<u8>::new();
         let contents_len =
@@ -71,11 +59,11 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
         let light_index_counter_buffer =
             device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
                 label: Some("light_index_counter_buffer"),
-                contents: &bytemuck::cast_slice(&[0]),
+                contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[0]),
                 usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::STORAGE | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
             });
 
-        let light_indices_bg_layout = Rc::new(device.create_bind_group_layout(
+        let light_indices_bg_layout = Arc::new(device.create_bind_group_layout(
             &wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
                 entries: &[
                     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
@@ -140,7 +128,7 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
             array_layer_count: None,
         });
 
-        let light_indices_bg = Rc::new(device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+        let light_indices_bg = Arc::new(device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
             layout: &light_indices_bg_layout,
             entries: &[
                 wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
@@ -167,16 +155,16 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
             label: Some("light_indices_grid_bind_group"),
         }));
 
-        drop(main_rt);
+        //drop(main_rt);
 
-        let depth_tex_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::DepthTexture);
+        /* let depth_tex_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::DepthTexture);
         let camera_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::Camera);
         let lights_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(LightBasePassSlots::Lights);
-        let screen_size_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::ScreenSize);
+        let screen_size_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::ScreenSize); */
 
         let mut desc = NodeDesc::new(
             NodeType::Compute,
-            Some(PipelineDescriptor::Compute(ComputePipelineDescriptor {
+            /* Some(PipelineDescriptor::Compute(ComputePipelineDescriptor {
                 label: Some("light_cull_pipeline".into()),
                 push_constant_ranges: vec![],
                 layouts: vec![
@@ -188,7 +176,8 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
                 ],
                 shader,
                 shader_entry_point: "cs_main".into(),
-            })),
+            })), */
+            None,
             vec![(
                 &LightCullComputePassSlots::LightIndicesGridGroup,
                 light_indices_bg,
@@ -196,11 +185,6 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
             )],
         );
 
-        desc.add_texture_view_slot(
-            BasePassSlots::WindowTextureView,
-            SlotAttribute::Input,
-            None,
-        );
         desc.add_buffer_slot(
             BasePassSlots::ScreenSize,
             SlotAttribute::Input,
@@ -210,14 +194,54 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
         desc.add_buffer_slot(
             LightCullComputePassSlots::IndexCounterBuffer,
             SlotAttribute::Output,
-            Some(SlotValue::Buffer(Rc::new(light_index_counter_buffer))),
+            Some(SlotValue::Buffer(Arc::new(light_index_counter_buffer))),
         );
 
         desc
     }
 
-    fn prepare(&mut self, _world: &mut World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
+    fn prepare(&mut self, graph: &mut RenderGraph, world: &mut World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
         context.queue_buffer_write_with(LightCullComputePassSlots::IndexCounterBuffer, 0, 0);
+
+        let screen_size  = world.get_resource::<ScreenSize>()
+            .expect("world missing ScreenSize resource");
+        if screen_size.xy() != self.workgroup_size {
+            self.workgroup_size = screen_size.xy();
+            todo!("Resize buffers and other resources");
+        }
+
+        if self.pipeline.is_none() {
+            let device = graph.device();
+
+            let depth_tex_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::DepthTexture);
+            let camera_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::Camera);
+            let lights_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(LightBasePassSlots::Lights);
+            let screen_size_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::ScreenSize);
+            let light_indices_bg_layout = graph.bind_group_layout(LightCullComputePassSlots::LightIndicesGridGroup);
+
+            let shader = Rc::new(Shader {
+                label: Some("light_cull_comp_shader".into()),
+                source: include_str!("../../shaders/light_cull.comp.wgsl").to_string(),
+            });
+
+            let pipeline = ComputePipeline::create(device, &ComputePipelineDescriptor {
+                label: Some("light_cull_pipeline".into()),
+                push_constant_ranges: vec![],
+                layouts: vec![
+                    depth_tex_bgl.clone(),
+                    camera_bgl.clone(),
+                    lights_bgl.clone(),
+                    light_indices_bg_layout.clone(),
+                    screen_size_bgl.clone(),
+                ],
+                shader,
+                shader_entry_point: "cs_main".into(),
+                cache: None,
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            });
+
+            self.pipeline = Some(pipeline);
+        }
     }
 
     fn execute(
@@ -226,14 +250,11 @@ impl Node for LightCullComputePass {
         _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
         context: &mut RenderGraphContext,
     ) {
-        let label = context.label.clone();
-
-        let pipeline = graph.pipeline(label)
-            .expect("Failed to find Pipeline for LightCullComputePass");
-        let pipeline = pipeline.as_compute();
+        let pipeline = self.pipeline.as_mut().unwrap();
         
         let mut pass = context.begin_compute_pass(&wgpu::ComputePassDescriptor {
             label: Some("light_cull_pass"),
+            ..Default::default()
         });
 
         pass.set_pipeline(pipeline);

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/mesh_prepare.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashSet, VecDeque},
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+
+use glam::{UVec2, Vec3};
+use image::GenericImageView;
+use itertools::izip;
+use lyra_ecs::{
+    query::{filter::Or, Entities, ResMut, TickOf},
+    Entity, ResourceObject, World,
+};
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+use lyra_resource::ResHandle;
+use lyra_gltf::Mesh;
+use lyra_scene::SceneGraph;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
+use tracing::{debug, instrument};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::render::{
+    graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
+    render_buffer::BufferStorage,
+    render_job::RenderJob,
+    texture::{res_filter_to_wgpu, res_wrap_to_wgpu},
+    transform_buffer_storage::TransformIndex,
+    vertex::Vertex,
+};
+
+type MeshHandle = ResHandle<Mesh>;
+type SceneHandle = ResHandle<SceneGraph>;
+
+pub struct MeshBufferStorage {
+    pub buffer_vertex: BufferStorage,
+    pub buffer_indices: Option<(wgpu::IndexFormat, BufferStorage)>,
+
+    // maybe this should just be a Uuid and the material can be retrieved though
+    // MeshPass's `material_buffers` field?
+    pub material: Option<Arc<GpuMaterial>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct MeshPrepNodeLabel;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MeshPrepNode {
+    pub material_bgl: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+}
+
+impl MeshPrepNode {
+    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Self {
+        let bgl = GpuMaterial::create_bind_group_layout(device);
+
+        Self { material_bgl: bgl }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the mesh buffers in the GPU need to be updated.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, mesh_buffers, queue, mesh_han))]
+    fn check_mesh_buffers(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        mesh_buffers: &mut FxHashMap<uuid::Uuid, MeshBufferStorage>,
+        mesh_han: &ResHandle<Mesh>,
+    ) {
+        let mesh_uuid = mesh_han.uuid();
+
+        if let (Some(mesh), Some(buffers)) = (mesh_han.data_ref(), mesh_buffers.get_mut(&mesh_uuid))
+        {
+            // check if the buffer sizes dont match. If they dont, completely remake the buffers
+            let vertices = mesh.position().unwrap();
+            if buffers.buffer_vertex.count() != vertices.len() {
+                debug!("Recreating buffers for mesh {}", mesh_uuid.to_string());
+                let (vert, idx) = self.create_vertex_index_buffers(device, &mesh);
+
+                // have to re-get buffers because of borrow checker
+                let buffers = mesh_buffers.get_mut(&mesh_uuid).unwrap();
+                buffers.buffer_indices = idx;
+                buffers.buffer_vertex = vert;
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // update vertices
+            let vertex_buffer = buffers.buffer_vertex.buffer();
+            let vertices = vertices.as_slice();
+            // align the vertices to 4 bytes (u32 is 4 bytes, which is wgpu::COPY_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT)
+            let (_, vertices, _) = bytemuck::pod_align_to::<Vec3, u32>(vertices);
+            queue.write_buffer(vertex_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(vertices));
+
+            // update the indices if they're given
+            if let Some(index_buffer) = buffers.buffer_indices.as_ref() {
+                let aligned_indices = match mesh.indices.as_ref().unwrap() {
+                    // U16 indices need to be aligned to u32, for wpgu, which are 4-bytes in size.
+                    lyra_gltf::MeshIndices::U16(v) => {
+                        bytemuck::pod_align_to::<u16, u32>(v).1
+                    }
+                    lyra_gltf::MeshIndices::U32(v) => {
+                        bytemuck::pod_align_to::<u32, u32>(v).1
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let index_buffer = index_buffer.1.buffer();
+                queue.write_buffer(index_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(aligned_indices));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, mesh))]
+    fn create_vertex_index_buffers(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        mesh: &Mesh,
+    ) -> (BufferStorage, Option<(wgpu::IndexFormat, BufferStorage)>) {
+        let positions = mesh.position().unwrap();
+        let tex_coords: Vec<glam::Vec2> = mesh
+            .tex_coords()
+            .cloned()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0); positions.len()]);
+        let normals = mesh.normals().unwrap();
+
+        assert!(positions.len() == tex_coords.len() && positions.len() == normals.len());
+
+        let mut vertex_inputs = vec![];
+        for (v, t, n) in izip!(positions.iter(), tex_coords.iter(), normals.iter()) {
+            vertex_inputs.push(Vertex::new(*v, *t, *n));
+        }
+
+        let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Vertex Buffer"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(vertex_inputs.as_slice()), //vertex_combined.as_slice(),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+        });
+        let vertex_buffer = BufferStorage::new(vertex_buffer, 0, vertex_inputs.len());
+
+        let indices = match mesh.indices.as_ref() {
+            Some(indices) => {
+                let (idx_type, len, contents) = match indices {
+                    lyra_gltf::MeshIndices::U16(v) => {
+                        (wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16, v.len(), bytemuck::cast_slice(v))
+                    }
+                    lyra_gltf::MeshIndices::U32(v) => {
+                        (wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32, v.len(), bytemuck::cast_slice(v))
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("Index Buffer"),
+                    contents,
+                    usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::INDEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+                });
+
+                let buffer_indices = BufferStorage::new(index_buffer, 0, len);
+
+                Some((idx_type, buffer_indices))
+            }
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+        (vertex_buffer, indices)
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, queue, material_buffers, mesh))]
+    fn create_mesh_buffers(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        material_buffers: &mut RenderAssets<Arc<GpuMaterial>>,
+        mesh: &Mesh,
+    ) -> MeshBufferStorage {
+        let (vertex_buffer, buffer_indices) = self.create_vertex_index_buffers(device, mesh);
+
+        let material = mesh
+            .material
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("Material resource not loaded yet");
+        let material_ref = material.data_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let material = material_buffers.entry(material.uuid()).or_insert_with(|| {
+            debug!(
+                uuid = material.uuid().to_string(),
+                "Sending material to gpu"
+            );
+            Arc::new(GpuMaterial::from_resource(
+                device,
+                queue,
+                &self.material_bgl,
+                &material_ref,
+            ))
+        });
+
+        MeshBufferStorage {
+            buffer_vertex: vertex_buffer,
+            buffer_indices,
+            material: Some(material.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Processes the mesh for the renderer, storing and creating buffers as needed. Returns true if a new mesh was processed.
+    #[instrument(skip(
+        self,
+        device,
+        queue,
+        mesh_buffers,
+        material_buffers,
+        entity_meshes,
+        mesh,
+        entity
+    ))]
+    fn process_mesh(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        mesh_buffers: &mut RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>,
+        material_buffers: &mut RenderAssets<Arc<GpuMaterial>>,
+        entity_meshes: &mut FxHashMap<Entity, uuid::Uuid>,
+        entity: Entity,
+        mesh: &Mesh,
+        mesh_uuid: Uuid,
+    ) -> bool {
+        #[allow(clippy::map_entry)]
+        if !mesh_buffers.contains_key(&mesh_uuid) {
+            // create the mesh's buffers
+            let buffers = self.create_mesh_buffers(device, queue, material_buffers, mesh);
+            mesh_buffers.insert(mesh_uuid, buffers);
+            entity_meshes.insert(entity, mesh_uuid);
+
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If the resource does not exist in the world, add the default
+    fn try_init_resource<T: ResourceObject + Default>(world: &mut World) {
+        if !world.has_resource::<T>() {
+            world.add_resource_default::<T>();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for MeshPrepNode {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        NodeDesc::new(NodeType::Node, None, vec![])
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        world: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let device = &context.device;
+        let queue = &context.queue;
+
+        let last_epoch = world.current_tick();
+        let mut alive_entities = HashSet::new();
+
+        {
+            // prepare the world with resources
+            Self::try_init_resource::<RenderMeshes>(world);
+            Self::try_init_resource::<RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>>(world);
+            Self::try_init_resource::<RenderAssets<Arc<GpuMaterial>>>(world);
+            Self::try_init_resource::<FxHashMap<Entity, uuid::Uuid>>(world);
+
+            let mut render_meshes = world
+                .get_resource_mut::<RenderMeshes>()
+                .expect("world missing RenderMeshes resource");
+            render_meshes.clear();
+        }
+
+        let view = world.view_iter::<(
+            Entities,
+            &TransformIndex,
+            Or<(&MeshHandle, TickOf<MeshHandle>), (&SceneHandle, TickOf<SceneHandle>)>,
+            ResMut<RenderMeshes>,
+            ResMut<RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>>,
+            ResMut<RenderAssets<Arc<GpuMaterial>>>,
+            ResMut<FxHashMap<Entity, uuid::Uuid>>,
+        )>();
+
+        // used to store InterpTransform components to add to entities later
+        for (
+            entity,
+            transform_index,
+            (mesh_pair, scene_pair),
+            mut render_meshes,
+            mut mesh_buffers,
+            mut material_buffers,
+            mut entity_meshes,
+        ) in view
+        {
+            alive_entities.insert(entity);
+
+            if let Some((mesh_han, mesh_epoch)) = mesh_pair {
+                if let Some(mesh) = mesh_han.data_ref() {
+                    // if process mesh did not just create a new mesh, and the epoch
+                    // shows that the scene has changed, verify that the mesh buffers
+                    // dont need to be resent to the gpu.
+                    if !self.process_mesh(
+                        device,
+                        queue,
+                        &mut mesh_buffers,
+                        &mut material_buffers,
+                        &mut entity_meshes,
+                        entity,
+                        &mesh,
+                        mesh_han.uuid(),
+                    ) && mesh_epoch == last_epoch
+                    {
+                        self.check_mesh_buffers(device, queue, &mut mesh_buffers, &mesh_han);
+                    }
+
+                    let material = mesh.material.as_ref().unwrap().data_ref().unwrap();
+                    let shader = material.shader_uuid.unwrap_or(0);
+                    let job = RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), *transform_index);
+                    render_meshes.push_back(job);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some((scene_han, scene_epoch)) = scene_pair {
+                if let Some(scene) = scene_han.data_ref() {
+                    for (mesh_han, transform_index) in
+                        scene.world().view_iter::<(&MeshHandle, &TransformIndex)>()
+                    {
+                        if let Some(mesh) = mesh_han.data_ref() {
+                            // if process mesh did not just create a new mesh, and the epoch
+                            // shows that the scene has changed, verify that the mesh buffers
+                            // dont need to be resent to the gpu.
+                            if !self.process_mesh(
+                                device,
+                                queue,
+                                &mut mesh_buffers,
+                                &mut material_buffers,
+                                &mut entity_meshes,
+                                entity,
+                                &mesh,
+                                mesh_han.uuid(),
+                            ) && scene_epoch == last_epoch
+                            {
+                                self.check_mesh_buffers(
+                                    device,
+                                    queue,
+                                    &mut mesh_buffers,
+                                    &mesh_han,
+                                );
+                            }
+
+                            let material = mesh.material.as_ref().unwrap().data_ref().unwrap();
+                            let shader = material.shader_uuid.unwrap_or(0);
+                            let job =
+                                RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), *transform_index);
+                            render_meshes.push_back(job);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct RenderAssets<T>(FxHashMap<Uuid, T>);
+
+impl<T> Deref for RenderAssets<T> {
+    type Target = FxHashMap<Uuid, T>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> DerefMut for RenderAssets<T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Default for RenderAssets<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(Default::default())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> RenderAssets<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct GpuMaterial {
+    pub bind_group: Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
+    bind_group_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+    material_properties_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    diffuse_texture: wgpu::Texture,
+    diffuse_texture_sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
+    /* specular_texture: wgpu::Texture,
+    specular_texture_sampler: wgpu::Sampler, */
+}
+
+impl GpuMaterial {
+    fn create_bind_group_layout(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout> {
+        Arc::new(
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+                label: Some("bgl_material"),
+                entries: &[
+                    // material properties
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 0,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: None, /* Some(
+                                                        NonZeroU64::new(mem::size_of::<MaterialPropertiesUniform>() as _)
+                                                            .unwrap(),
+                                                    ) */
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    // diffuse texture
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                            sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
+                            view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                            multisampled: false,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    // diffuse texture sampler
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 2,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    // specular texture
+                    /* wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 3,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                            sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: false },
+                            view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                            multisampled: false,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    // specular texture sampler
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 4,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering),
+                        count: None,
+                    }, */
+                ],
+            }),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn texture_desc(label: &str, size: UVec2) -> wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+        //debug!("Texture desc size: {:?}", size);
+        wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: Some(label),
+            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: size.x,
+                height: size.y,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+            mip_level_count: 1, // TODO
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_texture(queue: &wgpu::Queue, texture: &wgpu::Texture, img: &lyra_resource::Image) {
+        let dim = img.dimensions();
+        //debug!("Write texture size: {:?}", dim);
+        queue.write_texture(
+            wgpu::ImageCopyTexture {
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+                texture: &texture,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+            },
+            &img.to_rgba8(),
+            wgpu::ImageDataLayout {
+                offset: 0,
+                bytes_per_row: Some(4 * dim.0),
+                rows_per_image: Some(dim.1),
+            },
+            wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: dim.0,
+                height: dim.1,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn from_resource(
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        layout: &Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+        mat: &lyra_gltf::Material,
+    ) -> Self {
+        //let specular = mat.specular.as_ref().unwrap_or_default();
+        //let specular_
+
+        let prop = MaterialPropertiesUniform {
+            ambient: Vec3::ONE,
+            _padding1: 0,
+            diffuse: Vec3::ONE,
+            shininess: 32.0,
+            specular_factor: 0.0,
+            _padding2: [0; 3],
+            specular_color_factor: Vec3::ZERO,
+            _padding3: 0,
+        };
+
+        let properties_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("buffer_material"),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            contents: bytemuck::bytes_of(&prop),
+        });
+
+        let diffuse_tex = mat.base_color_texture.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let diffuse_tex = diffuse_tex.data_ref().unwrap();
+        let diffuse_tex_img = diffuse_tex.image.data_ref().unwrap();
+        let diffuse_tex_dim = diffuse_tex_img.dimensions();
+        let diffuse_texture = device.create_texture(&Self::texture_desc(
+            "material_diffuse_texture",
+            UVec2::new(diffuse_tex_dim.0, diffuse_tex_dim.1),
+        ));
+        let diffuse_tex_view = diffuse_texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+
+        let sampler_desc = match &diffuse_tex.sampler {
+            Some(sampler) => {
+                let magf = res_filter_to_wgpu(
+                    sampler
+                        .mag_filter
+                        .unwrap_or(lyra_resource::FilterMode::Linear),
+                );
+                let minf = res_filter_to_wgpu(
+                    sampler
+                        .min_filter
+                        .unwrap_or(lyra_resource::FilterMode::Nearest),
+                );
+                let mipf = res_filter_to_wgpu(
+                    sampler
+                        .mipmap_filter
+                        .unwrap_or(lyra_resource::FilterMode::Nearest),
+                );
+
+                let wrap_u = res_wrap_to_wgpu(sampler.wrap_u);
+                let wrap_v = res_wrap_to_wgpu(sampler.wrap_v);
+                let wrap_w = res_wrap_to_wgpu(sampler.wrap_w);
+
+                wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
+                    address_mode_u: wrap_u,
+                    address_mode_v: wrap_v,
+                    address_mode_w: wrap_w,
+                    mag_filter: magf,
+                    min_filter: minf,
+                    mipmap_filter: mipf,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }
+            }
+            None => wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
+                address_mode_u: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+                address_mode_v: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+                address_mode_w: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+                mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+                min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
+                mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        };
+        let diffuse_sampler = device.create_sampler(&sampler_desc);
+
+        Self::write_texture(queue, &diffuse_texture, &diffuse_tex_img);
+
+        debug!("TODO: specular texture");
+
+        let bg = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: Some("bg_material"),
+            layout: &layout,
+            entries: &[
+                // material properties
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                        buffer: &properties_buffer,
+                        offset: 0,
+                        size: None,
+                    }),
+                },
+                // diffuse texture
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&diffuse_tex_view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 2,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&diffuse_sampler),
+                },
+                // TODO: specular textures
+            ],
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            bind_group: Arc::new(bg),
+            bind_group_layout: layout.clone(),
+            material_properties_buffer: properties_buffer,
+            diffuse_texture,
+            diffuse_texture_sampler: diffuse_sampler,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Uniform for MaterialProperties in a shader
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
+pub struct MaterialPropertiesUniform {
+    ambient: glam::Vec3,
+    _padding1: u32,
+    diffuse: glam::Vec3,
+    shininess: f32,
+    specular_factor: f32,
+    _padding2: [u32; 3],
+    specular_color_factor: glam::Vec3,
+    _padding3: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct RenderMeshes(VecDeque<RenderJob>);
+
+impl Deref for RenderMeshes {
+    type Target = VecDeque<RenderJob>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for RenderMeshes {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/meshes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+use std::{rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+
+use lyra_ecs::{AtomicRef, ResourceData};
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+use tracing::{instrument, warn};
+
+use crate::render::{
+    desc_buf_lay::DescVertexBufferLayout,
+    graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext},
+    resource::{FragmentState, RenderPipeline, RenderPipelineDescriptor, Shader, VertexState},
+    texture::RenderTexture,
+    transform_buffer_storage::TransformBuffers,
+    vertex::Vertex,
+};
+
+use super::{
+    BasePassSlots, LightBasePassSlots, LightCullComputePassSlots, MeshBufferStorage, RenderAssets, RenderMeshes, ShadowMapsPassSlots
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, Clone, Default, PartialEq, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct MeshesPassLabel;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, Clone, PartialEq, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub enum MeshesPassSlots {
+    Material,
+}
+
+/// Stores the bind group and bind group layout for the shadow atlas texture
+struct ShadowsAtlasBgPair {
+    layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+    bg: Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
+}
+
+//#[derive(Default)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct MeshPass {
+    default_texture: Option<RenderTexture>,
+
+    pipeline: Option<RenderPipeline>,
+    material_bgl: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+
+    // TODO: find a better way to extract these resources from the main world to be used in the
+    // render stage.
+    transform_buffers: Option<ResourceData>,
+    render_meshes: Option<ResourceData>,
+    mesh_buffers: Option<ResourceData>,
+
+    shadows_atlas: Option<ShadowsAtlasBgPair>,
+}
+
+impl MeshPass {
+    pub fn new(material_bgl: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            default_texture: None,
+            pipeline: None,
+            material_bgl,
+
+            transform_buffers: None,
+            render_meshes: None,
+            mesh_buffers: None,
+
+            shadows_atlas: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn transform_buffers(&self) -> AtomicRef<TransformBuffers> {
+        self.transform_buffers.as_ref().unwrap().get()
+    }
+
+    fn render_meshes(&self) -> AtomicRef<RenderMeshes> {
+        self.render_meshes.as_ref().unwrap().get()
+    }
+
+    fn mesh_buffers(&self) -> AtomicRef<RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>> {
+        self.mesh_buffers.as_ref().unwrap().get()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for MeshPass {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        // load the default texture
+        //let bytes = include_bytes!("../../default_texture.png");
+        //self.default_texture = Some(RenderTexture::from_bytes(device, &graph.queue, texture_bind_group_layout.clone(), bytes, "default_texture").unwrap());
+
+        NodeDesc::new(
+            NodeType::Render,
+            None,
+            vec![
+                //(&MeshesPassSlots::Material, material_bg, Some(material_bgl)),
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, graph, world))]
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut RenderGraph,
+        world: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+        _: &mut RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        if self.pipeline.is_none() {
+            let shader_mod = graph.register_shader(include_str!("../../shaders/base.wgsl"))
+                .expect("failed to register shader").expect("base shader missing module");
+            let shader_src = graph.preprocess_shader(&shader_mod)
+                .expect("failed to preprocess shader");
+
+            let device = graph.device();
+            let surface_config_format = graph.view_target().format();
+
+            let atlas_view = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowAtlasTextureView)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowAtlasTextureView")
+                .as_texture_view()
+                .unwrap();
+            let atlas_sampler = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowAtlasSampler)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowAtlasSampler")
+                .as_sampler()
+                .unwrap();
+            let atlas_sampler_compare = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowAtlasSamplerComparison)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowAtlasSamplerComparison")
+                .as_sampler()
+                .unwrap();
+            let shadow_settings_buf = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowSettingsUniform)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowSettingsUniform")
+                .as_buffer()
+                .unwrap();
+            let light_uniform_buf = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowLightUniformsBuffer)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::ShadowLightUniformsBuffer")
+                .as_buffer()
+                .unwrap();
+            let pcf_poisson_disc = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::PcfPoissonDiscBuffer)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::PcfPoissonDiscBuffer")
+                .as_buffer()
+                .unwrap();
+            let pcf_poisson_disc_3d = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::PcfPoissonDiscBuffer3d)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::PcfPoissonDiscBuffer3d")
+                .as_buffer()
+                .unwrap();
+            let pcss_poisson_disc = graph
+                .slot_value(ShadowMapsPassSlots::PcssPoissonDiscBuffer)
+                .expect("missing ShadowMapsPassSlots::PcssPoissonDiscBuffer")
+                .as_buffer()
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let atlas_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+                label: Some("bgl_shadows_atlas"),
+                entries: &[
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 0,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                            sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth,
+                            view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                            multisampled: false,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 2,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Comparison),
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 3,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX_FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: None,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 4,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX_FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only: true },
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: None,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 5,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX_FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only: true },
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: None,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 6,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX_FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only: true },
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: None,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 7,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX_FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only: true },
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: None,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                ],
+            });
+
+            let atlas_bg = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                label: Some("bg_shadows_atlas"),
+                layout: &atlas_layout,
+                entries: &[
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 0,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(atlas_view),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 1,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(atlas_sampler),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 2,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(atlas_sampler_compare),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 3,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: shadow_settings_buf,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: None,
+                        }),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 4,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: light_uniform_buf,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: None,
+                        }),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 5,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: pcf_poisson_disc,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: None,
+                        }),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 6,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: pcf_poisson_disc_3d,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: None,
+                        }),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 7,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: pcss_poisson_disc,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: None,
+                        }),
+                    },
+                ],
+            });
+
+            self.shadows_atlas = Some(ShadowsAtlasBgPair {
+                layout: Arc::new(atlas_layout),
+                bg: Arc::new(atlas_bg),
+            });
+
+            let camera_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(BasePassSlots::Camera);
+            let lights_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(LightBasePassSlots::Lights);
+            let light_grid_bgl =
+                graph.bind_group_layout(LightCullComputePassSlots::LightIndicesGridGroup);
+            let atlas_bgl = self.shadows_atlas.as_ref().unwrap().layout.clone();
+
+            let shader = Rc::new(Shader {
+                label: Some(shader_mod.into()),
+                source: shader_src,
+            });
+
+            let transforms = world
+                .get_resource_data::<TransformBuffers>()
+                .expect("Missing transform buffers");
+            self.transform_buffers = Some(transforms.clone());
+
+            let render_meshes = world
+                .get_resource_data::<RenderMeshes>()
+                .expect("Missing transform buffers");
+            self.render_meshes = Some(render_meshes.clone());
+
+            let mesh_buffers = world
+                .get_resource_data::<RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>>()
+                .expect("Missing render meshes");
+            self.mesh_buffers = Some(mesh_buffers.clone());
+
+            let transforms = transforms.get::<TransformBuffers>();
+
+            self.pipeline = Some(RenderPipeline::create(
+                device,
+                &RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("meshes".into()),
+                    layouts: vec![
+                        self.material_bgl.clone(),
+                        transforms.bindgroup_layout.clone(),
+                        camera_bgl.clone(),
+                        lights_bgl.clone(),
+                        light_grid_bgl.clone(),
+                        atlas_bgl,
+                    ],
+                    push_constant_ranges: vec![],
+                    vertex: VertexState {
+                        module: shader.clone(),
+                        entry_point: "vs_main".into(),
+                        buffers: vec![Vertex::desc().into()],
+                    },
+                    fragment: Some(FragmentState {
+                        module: shader,
+                        entry_point: "fs_main".into(),
+                        targets: vec![Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                            format: surface_config_format,
+                            blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
+                            write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                        })],
+                    }),
+                    depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                        format: RenderTexture::DEPTH_FORMAT,
+                        depth_write_enabled: true,
+                        depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
+                        stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(), // TODO: stencil buffer
+                        bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+                    }),
+                    primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+                        cull_mode: Some(wgpu::Face::Back),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    },
+                    multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState::default(),
+                    multiview: None,
+                },
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let encoder = context.encoder.as_mut().unwrap();
+
+        /* let view = graph
+        .slot_value(BasePassSlots::WindowTextureView)
+        .unwrap()
+        .as_texture_view()
+        .expect("BasePassSlots::WindowTextureView was not a TextureView slot"); */
+
+        let vt = graph.view_target();
+        let view = vt.render_view();
+
+        let depth_view = graph
+            .slot_value(BasePassSlots::DepthTextureView)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_texture_view()
+            .expect("BasePassSlots::DepthTextureView was not a TextureView slot");
+
+        let camera_bg = graph.bind_group(BasePassSlots::Camera);
+
+        let lights_bg = graph.bind_group(LightBasePassSlots::Lights);
+
+        let light_grid_bg = graph.bind_group(LightCullComputePassSlots::LightIndicesGridGroup);
+
+        let shadows_atlas_bg = &self.shadows_atlas.as_ref().unwrap().bg;
+
+        //let material_bg = graph.bind_group(MeshesPassSlots::Material);
+
+        /* let pipeline = graph.pipeline(context.label.clone())
+        .expect("Failed to find pipeline for MeshPass"); */
+        let pipeline = self.pipeline.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let transforms = self.transform_buffers();
+        let render_meshes = self.render_meshes();
+        let mesh_buffers = self.mesh_buffers();
+
+        {
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Render Pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color {
+                            r: 0.1,
+                            g: 0.2,
+                            b: 0.3,
+                            a: 1.0,
+                        }),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                })],
+                // enable depth buffer
+                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                    view: depth_view,
+                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    }),
+                    stencil_ops: None,
+                }),
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+
+            pass.set_pipeline(pipeline);
+
+            //let default_texture = self.default_texture.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+            for job in render_meshes.iter() {
+                // get the mesh (containing vertices) and the buffers from storage
+                let buffers = mesh_buffers.get(&job.mesh_uuid);
+                if buffers.is_none() {
+                    warn!("Skipping job since its mesh is missing {:?}", job.mesh_uuid);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let buffers = buffers.unwrap();
+
+                // Bind the optional texture
+                /* if let Some(tex) = buffers.material.as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|m| m.diffuse_texture.as_ref()) {
+                    pass.set_bind_group(0, tex.bind_group(), &[]);
+                } else {
+                    pass.set_bind_group(0, default_texture.bind_group(), &[]);
+                }
+
+                if let Some(tex) = buffers.material.as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|m| m.specular.as_ref())
+                        .and_then(|s| s.texture.as_ref().or(s.color_texture.as_ref())) {
+                    pass.set_bind_group(5, tex.bind_group(), &[]);
+                } else {
+                    pass.set_bind_group(5, default_texture.bind_group(), &[]);
+                } */
+                if let Some(mat) = buffers.material.as_ref() {
+                    pass.set_bind_group(0, &mat.bind_group, &[]);
+                } else {
+                    todo!("cannot render mesh without material");
+                }
+
+                // Get the bindgroup for job's transform and bind to it using an offset.
+                let bindgroup = transforms.bind_group(job.transform_id);
+                let offset = transforms.buffer_offset(job.transform_id);
+                pass.set_bind_group(1, bindgroup, &[offset]);
+
+                pass.set_bind_group(2, camera_bg, &[]);
+                pass.set_bind_group(3, lights_bg, &[]);
+                //pass.set_bind_group(4, material_bg, &[]);
+
+                pass.set_bind_group(4, light_grid_bg, &[]);
+
+                pass.set_bind_group(5, shadows_atlas_bg, &[]);
+
+                // if this mesh uses indices, use them to draw the mesh
+                if let Some((idx_type, indices)) = buffers.buffer_indices.as_ref() {
+                    let indices_len = indices.count() as u32;
+
+                    pass.set_vertex_buffer(
+                        buffers.buffer_vertex.slot(),
+                        buffers.buffer_vertex.buffer().slice(..),
+                    );
+                    pass.set_index_buffer(indices.buffer().slice(..), *idx_type);
+                    pass.draw_indexed(0..indices_len, 0, 0..1);
+                } else {
+                    let vertex_count = buffers.buffer_vertex.count();
+
+                    pass.set_vertex_buffer(
+                        buffers.buffer_vertex.slot(),
+                        buffers.buffer_vertex.buffer().slice(..),
+                    );
+                    pass.draw(0..vertex_count as u32, 0..1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+mod light_cull_compute;
+pub use light_cull_compute::*;
+
+mod base;
+pub use base::*;
+
+mod meshes;
+pub use meshes::*;
+
+mod light_base;
+pub use light_base::*;
+
+mod present_pass;
+pub use present_pass::*;
+
+mod init;
+pub use init::*;
+
+mod tint;
+pub use tint::*;
+
+mod fxaa;
+pub use fxaa::*;
+
+mod shadows;
+pub use shadows::*;
+
+mod mesh_prepare;
+pub use mesh_prepare::*;
+
+mod transform;
+pub use transform::*;

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/present_pass.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use std::hash::Hash;
+
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+
+use crate::render::graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct PresentPassLabel;
+
+/// Supplies some basic things other passes needs.
+/// 
+/// screen size buffer, camera buffer,
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct PresentPass;
+
+impl PresentPass {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for PresentPass {
+    fn desc(&mut self, _graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        NodeDesc::new(
+            NodeType::Presenter,
+            None,
+            vec![],
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(&mut self, _graph: &mut RenderGraph, _world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, _context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
+        
+    }
+
+    fn execute(&mut self, graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph, _desc: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc, context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext) {
+        let mut vt = graph.view_target_mut();
+        vt.copy_to_primary(context.encoder.as_mut().unwrap());
+        context.submit_encoder();
+
+        let frame = vt.primary.frame.take()
+            .expect("ViewTarget.primary was already presented");
+        frame.present();
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/tint.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+
+use crate::render::{
+    graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
+    resource::{FragmentState, PipelineDescriptor, RenderPipelineDescriptor, Shader, VertexState},
+};
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct TintPassLabel;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TintPass {
+    target_sampler: Option<wgpu::Sampler>,
+    bgl: Option<Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>,
+    /// Store bind groups for the input textures.
+    /// The texture may change due to resizes, or changes to the view target chain
+    /// from other nodes.
+    bg_cache: HashMap<wgpu::Id<wgpu::TextureView>, wgpu::BindGroup>,
+}
+
+impl TintPass {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for TintPass {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        let device = &graph.device;
+
+        let bgl = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("tint_bgl"),
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: false },
+                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                        multisampled: false,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering),
+                    count: None,
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+        let bgl = Arc::new(bgl);
+        self.bgl = Some(bgl.clone());
+        self.target_sampler = Some(device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor::default()));
+
+        let shader = Rc::new(Shader {
+            label: Some("tint_shader".into()),
+            source: include_str!("../../shaders/tint.wgsl").to_string(),
+        });
+
+        let vt = graph.view_target();
+        
+
+        NodeDesc::new(
+            NodeType::Render,
+            Some(PipelineDescriptor::Render(RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+                label: Some("tint_pass".into()),
+                layouts: vec![bgl.clone()],
+                push_constant_ranges: vec![],
+                vertex: VertexState {
+                    module: shader.clone(),
+                    entry_point: "vs_main".into(),
+                    buffers: vec![],
+                },
+                fragment: Some(FragmentState {
+                    module: shader,
+                    entry_point: "fs_main".into(),
+                    targets: vec![Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                        format: vt.format(),
+                        blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
+                        write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                    })],
+                }),
+                depth_stencil: None,
+                primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState::default(),
+                multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState::default(),
+                multiview: None,
+            })),
+            vec![],
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        //todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let pipeline = graph
+            .pipeline(context.label.clone())
+            .expect("Failed to find pipeline for TintPass");
+
+        let mut vt = graph.view_target_mut();
+        let chain = vt.get_chain();
+        let source_view = chain.source.frame_view.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let dest_view = chain.dest.frame_view.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let bg = self
+            .bg_cache
+            .entry(source_view.global_id())
+            .or_insert_with(|| {
+                graph
+                    .device()
+                    .create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                        label: Some("tint_bg"),
+                        layout: self.bgl.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                        entries: &[
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 0,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(source_view),
+                            },
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 1,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(
+                                    self.target_sampler.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                                ),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                    })
+            });
+
+        {
+            let encoder = context.encoder.as_mut().unwrap();
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("tint_pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view: dest_view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                })],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+            });
+            pass.set_pipeline(pipeline.as_render());
+
+            pass.set_bind_group(0, bg, &[]);
+            pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/transform.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+use lyra_ecs::{
+    query::{
+        filter::Or,
+        Entities,
+    },
+    Component, Entity,
+};
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+use lyra_math::Transform;
+use lyra_resource::ResHandle;
+use lyra_scene::{SceneGraph, WorldTransform};
+use tracing::debug;
+
+use crate::{
+    render::{
+        graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
+        transform_buffer_storage::{TransformBuffers, TransformIndex},
+    },
+    DeltaTime,
+};
+
+/// An interpolated transform.
+/// 
+/// This transform is interpolated between frames to make movement appear smoother when the
+/// transform is updated less often than rendering.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Component)]
+pub struct InterpTransform {
+    last_transform: Transform,
+    alpha: f32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct TransformsNodeLabel;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct TransformsNode {}
+
+impl TransformsNode {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+fn process_component_queue(world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, component_queue: Vec<(Entity, Option<InterpTransform>, Option<TransformIndex>)>) {
+    for (en, interp, index) in component_queue {
+        println!("writing index {:?} for entity {}", index, en.id().0);
+
+        match (interp, index) {
+            (None, None) => unreachable!(),
+            (None, Some(index)) => world.insert(en, index),
+            (Some(interp), None) => world.insert(en, interp),
+            (Some(interp), Some(index)) => world.insert(en, (interp, index)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn update_transforms(
+    device: &wgpu::Device,
+    queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+    limits: &wgpu::Limits,
+    world: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+    delta_time: DeltaTime,
+    buffers: &mut TransformBuffers,
+    parent_transform: Transform,
+) {
+    let mut component_queue = vec![];
+
+    let view = world.view_iter::<(
+        Entities,
+        Or<&WorldTransform, &Transform>,
+        Option<&mut InterpTransform>,
+        Option<&TransformIndex>,
+        Option<&ResHandle<SceneGraph>>,
+    )>();
+
+    for (entity, transform, interp_tran, transform_index, scene_graph) in view {
+        // expand the transform buffers if they need to be.
+        if buffers.needs_expand() {
+            debug!("Expanding transform buffers");
+            buffers.expand_buffers(device);
+        }
+
+        // Get the world transform of the entity, else fall back to the transform
+        let transform = match transform {
+            (None, None) => unreachable!(),
+            (None, Some(t)) => *t,
+            (Some(wt), None) => **wt,
+            // Assume world transform since it *should* be updated by world systems
+            (Some(wt), Some(_)) => **wt,
+        };
+        // offset this transform by its parent
+        let transform  = transform + parent_transform;
+
+        // Interpolate the transform for this entity using a component.
+        // If the entity does not have the component then it will be queued to be added
+        // to it after all the entities are prepared for rendering.
+        let transform = match interp_tran {
+            Some(mut interp_transform) => {
+                // found in https://youtu.be/YJB1QnEmlTs?t=472
+                interp_transform.alpha = 1.0 - interp_transform.alpha.powf(*delta_time);
+
+                interp_transform.last_transform = interp_transform
+                    .last_transform
+                    .lerp(transform, interp_transform.alpha);
+                interp_transform.last_transform
+            }
+            None => {
+                let interp = InterpTransform {
+                    last_transform: transform,
+                    alpha: 0.5,
+                };
+                component_queue.push((entity, Some(interp), None));
+                transform
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Get the TransformIndex from the entity, or reserve a new one if the entity doesn't have
+        // the component.
+        let index = match transform_index {
+            Some(i) => *i,
+            None => {
+                let i = buffers.reserve_transform(&device);
+                debug!(
+                    "Reserved transform index {:?} for entity {}",
+                    i,
+                    entity.id().0
+                );
+
+                component_queue.push((entity, None, Some(i)));
+                i
+            }
+        };
+
+        // TODO: only update if the transform changed.
+        buffers.update(
+            &queue,
+            index,
+            transform.calculate_mat4(),
+            glam::Mat3::from_quat(transform.rotation),
+        );
+
+        if let Some(scene) = scene_graph {
+            if let Some(mut scene) = scene.data_mut() {
+
+                update_transforms(
+                    device,
+                    queue,
+                    limits,
+                    scene.world_mut(),
+                    delta_time,
+                    buffers,
+                    transform,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    process_component_queue(world, component_queue);
+}
+
+impl Node for TransformsNode {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        NodeDesc::new(NodeType::Node, None, vec![])
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        world: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let device = &context.device;
+        let queue = &context.queue;
+        let render_limits = device.limits();
+
+        // prepare the world with resources
+        if !world.has_resource::<TransformBuffers>() {
+            let buffers = TransformBuffers::new(device);
+            world.add_resource(buffers);
+        }
+
+        // I have to do this weird garbage to borrow the `TransformBuffers`
+        // without running into a borrow checker error from passing `world` as mutable.
+        // This is safe since I know that the recursive function isn't accessing this
+        // TransformBuffers, or any other ones in other worlds.
+        let buffers = world.get_resource_data::<TransformBuffers>()
+            .map(|r| r.clone()).unwrap();
+        let mut buffers = buffers.get_mut();
+        let dt = world.get_resource::<DeltaTime>().unwrap().clone();
+
+        update_transforms(
+            &device,
+            &queue,
+            &render_limits,
+            world,
+            dt,
+            &mut buffers,
+            Transform::default(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/render_target.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use tracing::debug;
+
+use crate::math;
+
+enum RenderTargetInner {
+    Surface {
+        /// The surface that will be rendered to.
+        /// 
+        /// You can create a new surface with a `'static` lifetime if you have an `Arc<Window>`:
+        /// ```nobuild
+        /// let window = Arc::new(window);
+        /// let surface = instance.create_surface(Arc::clone(&window))?;
+        /// ```
+        surface: wgpu::Surface<'static>,
+        /// the configuration of the surface render target..
+        config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration,
+    },
+    Texture {
+        /// The texture that will be rendered to.
+        texture: Arc<wgpu::Texture>,
+    }
+}
+
+/// A render target that is a surface or a texture.
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct RenderTarget(RenderTargetInner);
+
+impl From<wgpu::Texture> for RenderTarget {
+    fn from(value: wgpu::Texture) -> Self {
+        Self(RenderTargetInner::Texture { texture: Arc::new(value) })
+    }
+}
+
+impl RenderTarget {
+    pub fn from_surface(surface: wgpu::Surface<'static>, config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration) -> Self {
+        Self(RenderTargetInner::Surface { surface, config })
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_texture(device: &wgpu::Device, format: wgpu::TextureFormat, size: math::UVec2) -> Self {
+        let tex = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: size.x,
+                height: size.y,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_SRC,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        });
+
+        Self(RenderTargetInner::Texture { texture: Arc::new(tex) })
+    }
+
+    pub fn format(&self) -> wgpu::TextureFormat {
+        match &self.0 {
+            RenderTargetInner::Surface { config, .. } => config.format,
+            RenderTargetInner::Texture { texture } => texture.format(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> math::UVec2 {
+        match &self.0 {
+            RenderTargetInner::Surface { config, .. } => math::UVec2::new(config.width, config.height),
+            RenderTargetInner::Texture { texture } => {
+                let s = texture.size();
+                math::UVec2::new(s.width, s.height)
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the frame texture of the [`RenderTarget`]
+    /// 
+    /// If this is target is a surface and the frame texture was already retrieved from the swap
+    /// chain, a [`wgpu::SurfaceError`] error will be returned.
+    pub fn frame_texture(&self) -> Result<FrameTexture, wgpu::SurfaceError> {
+        match &self.0 {
+            RenderTargetInner::Surface { surface, .. } => Ok(FrameTexture::Surface(surface.get_current_texture()?)),
+            RenderTargetInner::Texture { texture } => Ok(FrameTexture::Texture(texture.clone())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, new_size: math::UVec2) {
+        match &mut self.0 {
+            RenderTargetInner::Surface { surface, config } => {
+                config.width = new_size.x;
+                config.height = new_size.y;
+                surface.configure(device, config);
+            },
+            RenderTargetInner::Texture { texture } => {
+                let format = texture.format();
+                let size = self.size();
+
+                *self = Self::new_texture(device, format, size);
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create the frame of the RenderTarget.
+    /// 
+    /// If this is target is a surface and the frame texture was already retrieved from the
+    /// swap chain, a [`wgpu::SurfaceError`] error will be returned.
+    pub fn create_frame(&self) -> Frame {
+        let texture = self.frame_texture()
+            .expect("failed to create frame texture"); // TODO: should be returned to the user
+        let size = self.size();
+
+        Frame {
+            size,
+            texture,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum FrameTexture {
+    Surface(wgpu::SurfaceTexture),
+    Texture(Arc<wgpu::Texture>),
+}
+
+/// Represents the current frame that is being rendered to.
+//#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct Frame {
+    pub(crate) size: math::UVec2,
+    pub(crate) texture: FrameTexture,
+}
+
+impl Frame {
+    pub fn texture(&self) -> &wgpu::Texture {
+        match &self.texture {
+            FrameTexture::Surface(s) => &s.texture,
+            FrameTexture::Texture(t) => t,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Present the frame
+    /// 
+    /// If this frame is from a surface, it will be present, else nothing will happen.
+    pub fn present(self) {
+        match self.texture {
+            FrameTexture::Surface(s) => s.present(),
+            FrameTexture::Texture(_) => {},
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The size of the frame
+    pub fn size(&self) -> math::UVec2 {
+        self.size
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stores the current frame, and the render target it came from.
+pub struct FrameTarget {
+    pub render_target: RenderTarget,
+    /// None when a frame has not been created yet
+    pub frame: Option<Frame>,
+    /// The view to use to render to the frame.
+    pub frame_view: Option<wgpu::TextureView>,
+}
+
+impl FrameTarget {
+    pub fn new(render_target: RenderTarget) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            render_target,
+            frame: None,
+            frame_view: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the size of the [`RenderTarget`].
+    pub fn size(&self) -> math::UVec2 {
+        self.render_target.size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the [`wgpu::TextureFormat`] of the [`RenderTarget`].
+    pub fn format(&self) -> wgpu::TextureFormat {
+        self.render_target.format()
+    }
+    
+    /// Create the frame using the inner [`RenderTarget`].
+    pub fn create_frame(&mut self) -> &mut Frame {
+        self.frame = Some(self.render_target.create_frame());
+        self.frame.as_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Create the [`wgpu::TextureView`] for the [`Frame`], storing it in self and returning a reference to it.
+    pub fn create_frame_view(&mut self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
+        let frame = self.frame.as_ref().expect("frame was not created, cannot create view");
+
+        self.frame_view = Some(frame.texture().create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default()));
+        self.frame_view.as_ref().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TargetViewChain<'a> {
+    pub source: &'a mut FrameTarget,
+    pub dest: &'a mut FrameTarget,
+}
+
+struct ViewChain {
+    source: FrameTarget,
+    dest: FrameTarget,
+    /// tracks the target that is currently being presented
+    active: u8,
+}
+
+impl ViewChain {
+    /// Returns the currently active [`FrameTarget`].
+    fn active(&self) -> &FrameTarget {
+        if self.active == 0 {
+            &self.source
+        } else if self.active == 1 {
+            &self.dest
+        } else {
+            panic!("active chain index became invalid! ({})", self.active);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ViewTarget {
+    device: Arc<wgpu::Device>,
+    /// The primary RenderTarget, likely a Surface
+    pub primary: FrameTarget,
+    chain: Option<ViewChain>,
+}
+
+impl ViewTarget {
+    pub fn new(device: Arc<wgpu::Device>, primary: RenderTarget) -> Self {
+        let mut s = Self {
+            device,
+            primary: FrameTarget::new(primary),
+            chain: None,
+        };
+
+        s.create_chain(s.primary.format(), s.primary.size());
+        s
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the size of the target.
+    pub fn size(&self) -> math::UVec2 {
+        self.primary.size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the [`wgpu::TextureFormat`]
+    pub fn format(&self) -> wgpu::TextureFormat {
+        self.primary.format()
+    }
+
+    /// Resize all the targets, causes the chain to be recreated.
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, size: math::UVec2) {
+        if size != self.primary.size() {
+            self.primary.render_target.resize(device, size);
+            self.create_chain(self.primary.format(), size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_chain(&mut self, format: wgpu::TextureFormat, size: math::UVec2) {
+        debug!("Creating chain with {:?} format and {:?} size", format, size);
+        
+        let mut source = FrameTarget::new(RenderTarget::new_texture(&self.device, format, size));
+        source.create_frame();
+        source.create_frame_view();
+        
+        let mut dest = FrameTarget::new(RenderTarget::new_texture(&self.device, format, size));
+        dest.create_frame();
+        dest.create_frame_view();
+
+        self.chain = Some(ViewChain {
+            source,
+            dest,
+            active: 0,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Cycle the target view chain, storing it in self, and returning a mutable borrow to it.
+    pub fn get_chain(&mut self) -> TargetViewChain {
+        let format = self.primary.format();
+        let size = self.primary.size();
+
+        if let Some(chain) = &self.chain {
+            // check if the chain needs to be recreated
+            if chain.source.format() != format || chain.source.size() != size {
+                self.create_chain(format, size);
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.create_chain(format, size);
+        }
+
+        let chain = self.chain.as_mut().unwrap();
+
+        if chain.active == 0 {
+            chain.active = 1;
+            TargetViewChain {
+                source: &mut chain.source,
+                dest: &mut chain.dest,
+            }
+        } else if chain.active == 1 {
+            chain.active = 0;
+            TargetViewChain {
+                source: &mut chain.dest,
+                dest: &mut chain.source,
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("active chain index became invalid! ({})", chain.active);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the [`wgpu::TextureView`] to render to.
+    pub fn render_view(&self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
+        let chain = self.chain.as_ref().unwrap();
+        chain.active().frame_view.as_ref().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Copy the chain target to the primary target
+    /// 
+    /// The primary target must have `wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST`. This also resets the active
+    /// chain texture.
+    pub fn copy_to_primary(&mut self, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder) {
+        let chain = self.chain.as_mut().unwrap();
+        let active_tex = chain.active().frame.as_ref().unwrap().texture();
+
+        let active_copy = wgpu::ImageCopyTexture {
+            texture: active_tex,
+            mip_level: 0,
+            origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+            aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+        };
+
+        let dest_tex = self.primary.frame.as_ref().unwrap().texture();
+        let dest_copy = wgpu::ImageCopyTexture {
+            texture: dest_tex,
+            mip_level: 0,
+            origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+            aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+        };
+
+        let size = self.primary.size();
+        let size = wgpu::Extent3d {
+            width: size.x,
+            height: size.y,
+            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+        };
+
+        encoder.copy_texture_to_texture(active_copy, dest_copy, size);
+        
+        // reset active texture after a render
+        // must get the chain again because of the borrow checker
+        let chain = self.chain.as_mut().unwrap();
+        chain.active = 0;
+    }
+}

crates/lyra-game/src/render/graph/slot_desc.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{mem, num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroU8}};
+use std::mem;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TextureViewDescriptor {
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ pub struct TextureViewDescriptor {
     /// Mip level count.
     /// If `Some(count)`, `base_mip_level + count` must be less or equal to underlying texture mip count.
     /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the mipmap levels, but at least 1 in total.
-    pub mip_level_count: Option<NonZeroU32>,
+    pub mip_level_count: Option<u32>,
     /// Base array layer.
     pub base_array_layer: u32,
     /// Layer count.
     /// If `Some(count)`, `base_array_layer + count` must be less or equal to the underlying array count.
     /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the array layers, but at least 1 in total.
-    pub array_layer_count: Option<NonZeroU32>,
+    pub array_layer_count: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 impl TextureViewDescriptor {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pub struct SamplerDescriptor {
     /// If this is enabled, this is a comparison sampler using the given comparison function.
     pub compare: Option<wgpu::CompareFunction>,
     /// Valid values: 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.
-    pub anisotropy_clamp: Option<NonZeroU8>,
+    pub anisotropy_clamp: u16,
     /// Border color to use when address_mode is [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`]
     pub border_color: Option<wgpu::SamplerBorderColor>,
 }

crates/lyra-game/src/render/light/mod.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
-pub mod point;
 pub mod directional;
+pub mod point;
 pub mod spotlight;
 
 use lyra_ecs::{Entity, Tick, World};
 pub use point::*;
 pub use spotlight::*;
 
-use std::{collections::{HashMap, VecDeque}, marker::PhantomData, mem, rc::Rc};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, VecDeque},
+    marker::PhantomData,
+    mem,
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 use crate::math::Transform;
 
 use self::directional::DirectionalLight;
 
+use super::graph::LightShadowMapId;
+
 const MAX_LIGHT_COUNT: usize = 16;
 
 /// A struct that stores a list of lights in a wgpu::Buffer.
@@ -20,7 +27,7 @@ pub struct LightBuffer<U: Default + bytemuck::Pod + bytemuck::Zeroable> {
     /// The max amount of light casters that could fit in this buffer.
     pub max_count: usize,
     /// The amount of light casters that are taking up space in the buffer.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// This means that a light may be inactive in the buffer, by being replaced
     /// with a default caster as to not affect lighting. Its easier this way than
     /// to recreate the array and remove the gaps.
@@ -47,15 +54,27 @@ impl<U: Default + bytemuck::Pod + bytemuck::Zeroable> LightBuffer<U> {
     }
 
     /// Update an existing light in the light buffer.
-    pub fn update_light(&mut self, lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT], entity: Entity, light: U) {
-        let buffer_idx = *self.used_indexes.get(&entity)
+    pub fn update_light(
+        &mut self,
+        lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT],
+        entity: Entity,
+        light: U,
+    ) {
+        let buffer_idx = *self
+            .used_indexes
+            .get(&entity)
             .expect("Entity for Light is not in buffer!");
 
         lights_buffer[buffer_idx] = light;
     }
 
     /// Add a new light to the light buffer.
-    pub fn add_light(&mut self, lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT], entity: Entity, light: U) {
+    pub fn add_light(
+        &mut self,
+        lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT],
+        entity: Entity,
+        light: U,
+    ) {
         let buffer_idx = match self.dead_indexes.pop_front() {
             Some(i) => i,
             None => {
@@ -67,15 +86,20 @@ impl<U: Default + bytemuck::Pod + bytemuck::Zeroable> LightBuffer<U> {
                 assert!(self.buffer_count <= self.max_count);
 
                 i
-            },
+            }
         };
-        
+
         self.used_indexes.insert(entity, buffer_idx);
         self.update_light(lights_buffer, entity, light);
     }
 
     /// Update, or add a new caster, to the light buffer.
-    pub fn update_or_add(&mut self, lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT], entity: Entity, light: U) {
+    pub fn update_or_add(
+        &mut self,
+        lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT],
+        entity: Entity,
+        light: U,
+    ) {
         if self.used_indexes.contains_key(&entity) {
             self.update_light(lights_buffer, entity, light);
         } else {
@@ -84,7 +108,11 @@ impl<U: Default + bytemuck::Pod + bytemuck::Zeroable> LightBuffer<U> {
     }
 
     /// Remove a caster from the buffer, returns true if it was removed.
-    pub fn remove_light(&mut self, lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT], entity: Entity) -> bool {
+    pub fn remove_light(
+        &mut self,
+        lights_buffer: &mut [U; MAX_LIGHT_COUNT],
+        entity: Entity,
+    ) -> bool {
         if let Some(removed_idx) = self.used_indexes.remove(&entity) {
             self.dead_indexes.push_back(removed_idx);
             //self.current_count -= 1;
@@ -98,9 +126,9 @@ impl<U: Default + bytemuck::Pod + bytemuck::Zeroable> LightBuffer<U> {
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct LightUniformBuffers {
-    pub buffer: Rc<wgpu::Buffer>,
-    pub bind_group: Rc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
-    pub bind_group_layout: Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+    pub buffer: Arc<wgpu::Buffer>,
+    pub bind_group: Arc<wgpu::BindGroup>,
+    pub bind_group_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
     max_light_count: u64,
 }
 
@@ -110,54 +138,44 @@ impl LightUniformBuffers {
         // TODO: ensure we dont write over this limit
         let max_buffer_sizes = (limits.max_uniform_buffer_binding_size as u64) / 2;
 
-        let buffer = device.create_buffer(
-            &wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-                label: Some("UBO_Lights"),
-                usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::STORAGE | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-                size: max_buffer_sizes,
-                mapped_at_creation: false,
-            }
-        );
+        let buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("UBO_Lights"),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::STORAGE | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            size: max_buffer_sizes,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
 
         let bindgroup_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-            entries: &[
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    binding: 0,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT | wgpu::ShaderStages::COMPUTE,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
-                        ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage {
-                            read_only: true
-                        },
-                        has_dynamic_offset: false,
-                        min_binding_size: None,
-                    },
-                    count: None,
+            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                binding: 0,
+                visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT | wgpu::ShaderStages::COMPUTE,
+                ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                    ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only: true },
+                    has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                    min_binding_size: None,
                 },
-            ],
+                count: None,
+            }],
             label: Some("BGL_Lights"),
         });
 
         let bindgroup = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
             layout: &bindgroup_layout,
-            entries: &[
-                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                    binding: 0,
-                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(
-                            wgpu::BufferBinding {
-                            buffer: &buffer,
-                            offset: 0,
-                            size: None, // use the full buffer
-                        }
-                    )
-                },
-            ],
+            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                binding: 0,
+                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                    buffer: &buffer,
+                    offset: 0,
+                    size: None, // use the full buffer
+                }),
+            }],
             label: Some("BG_Lights"),
         });
 
         Self {
-            buffer: Rc::new(buffer),
-            bind_group: Rc::new(bindgroup),
-            bind_group_layout: Rc::new(bindgroup_layout),
+            buffer: Arc::new(buffer),
+            bind_group: Arc::new(bindgroup),
+            bind_group_layout: Arc::new(bindgroup_layout),
             max_light_count: max_buffer_sizes / mem::size_of::<LightUniform>() as u64,
         }
     }
@@ -166,27 +184,43 @@ impl LightUniformBuffers {
         let _ = world_tick;
         let mut lights = vec![];
 
-        for (point_light, transform) in world.view_iter::<(&PointLight, &Transform)>() {
-            let uniform = LightUniform::from_point_light_bundle(&point_light, &transform);
+        for (point_light, transform, shadow_map_id) in
+            world.view_iter::<(&PointLight, &Transform, Option<&LightShadowMapId>)>()
+        {
+            let shadow_map_id = shadow_map_id.map(|m| m.clone());
+            let uniform =
+                LightUniform::from_point_light_bundle(&point_light, &transform, shadow_map_id);
             lights.push(uniform);
         }
 
-        for (spot_light, transform) in world.view_iter::<(&SpotLight, &Transform)>() {
-            let uniform = LightUniform::from_spot_light_bundle(&spot_light, &transform);
+        for (spot_light, transform, shadow_map_id) in
+            world.view_iter::<(&SpotLight, &Transform, Option<&LightShadowMapId>)>()
+        {
+            let shadow_map_id = shadow_map_id.map(|m| m.clone());
+            let uniform =
+                LightUniform::from_spot_light_bundle(&spot_light, &transform, shadow_map_id);
             lights.push(uniform);
         }
 
-        for (dir_light, transform) in world.view_iter::<(&DirectionalLight, &Transform)>() {
-            let uniform = LightUniform::from_directional_bundle(&dir_light, &transform);
+        for (dir_light, transform, shadow_map_id) in
+            world.view_iter::<(&DirectionalLight, &Transform, Option<&LightShadowMapId>)>()
+        {
+            let shadow_map_id = shadow_map_id.map(|m| m.clone());
+            let uniform =
+                LightUniform::from_directional_bundle(&dir_light, &transform, shadow_map_id);
             lights.push(uniform);
         }
 
-        assert!(lights.len() < self.max_light_count as _); // ensure we dont overwrite the buffer
+        assert!(lights.len() < self.max_light_count as usize); // ensure we dont overwrite the buffer
 
         // write the amount of lights to the buffer, and right after that the list of lights.
         queue.write_buffer(&self.buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(&[lights.len()]));
         // the size of u32 is multiplied by 4 because of gpu alignment requirements
-        queue.write_buffer(&self.buffer, mem::size_of::<u32>() as u64 * 4, bytemuck::cast_slice(lights.as_slice()));
+        queue.write_buffer(
+            &self.buffer,
+            mem::size_of::<u32>() as u64 * 4,
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(lights.as_slice()),
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -209,17 +243,22 @@ pub(crate) struct LightUniform {
     pub color: glam::Vec3,
     // no padding is needed here since range acts as the padding
     // that would usually be needed for the vec3
-
     pub range: f32,
     pub intensity: f32,
     pub smoothness: f32,
 
     pub spot_cutoff_rad: f32,
     pub spot_outer_cutoff_rad: f32,
+    pub light_shadow_uniform_index: [i32; 6],
+    _padding: [u32; 2],
 }
 
 impl LightUniform {
-    pub fn from_point_light_bundle(light: &PointLight, transform: &Transform) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_point_light_bundle(
+        light: &PointLight,
+        transform: &Transform,
+        map_id: Option<LightShadowMapId>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             light_type: LightType::Point as u32,
             enabled: light.enabled as u32,
@@ -233,11 +272,27 @@ impl LightUniform {
 
             spot_cutoff_rad: 0.0,
             spot_outer_cutoff_rad: 0.0,
-
+            light_shadow_uniform_index: map_id
+                .map(|m| {
+                    [
+                        m.uniform_index(0) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(1) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(2) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(3) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(4) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(5) as i32,
+                    ]
+                })
+                .unwrap_or([-1; 6]),
+            _padding: [0; 2],
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn from_directional_bundle(light: &DirectionalLight, transform: &Transform) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_directional_bundle(
+        light: &DirectionalLight,
+        transform: &Transform,
+        map_id: Option<LightShadowMapId>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             light_type: LightType::Directional as u32,
             enabled: light.enabled as u32,
@@ -251,11 +306,28 @@ impl LightUniform {
 
             spot_cutoff_rad: 0.0,
             spot_outer_cutoff_rad: 0.0,
+            light_shadow_uniform_index: map_id
+                .map(|m| {
+                    [
+                        m.uniform_index(0) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(1) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(2) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(3) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(4) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(5) as i32,
+                    ]
+                })
+                .unwrap_or([-1; 6]),
+            _padding: [0; 2],
         }
     }
 
     // Create the SpotLightUniform from an ECS bundle
-    pub fn from_spot_light_bundle(light: &SpotLight, transform: &Transform) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_spot_light_bundle(
+        light: &SpotLight,
+        transform: &Transform,
+        map_id: Option<LightShadowMapId>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             light_type: LightType::Spotlight as u32,
             enabled: light.enabled as u32,
@@ -269,7 +341,19 @@ impl LightUniform {
 
             spot_cutoff_rad: light.cutoff.to_radians(),
             spot_outer_cutoff_rad: light.outer_cutoff.to_radians(),
+            light_shadow_uniform_index: map_id
+                .map(|m| {
+                    [
+                        m.uniform_index(0) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(1) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(2) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(3) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(4) as i32,
+                        m.uniform_index(5) as i32,
+                    ]
+                })
+                .unwrap_or([-1; 6]),
+            _padding: [0; 2],
         }
     }
 }
-

crates/lyra-game/src/render/light_cull_compute.rs

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ pub(crate) struct LightIndicesGridBuffer {
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct LightCullCompute {
-    device: Rc<wgpu::Device>,
-    queue: Rc<wgpu::Queue>,
+    device: Arc<wgpu::Device>,
+    queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>,
     pipeline: ComputePipeline,
     pub light_indices_grid: LightIndicesGridBuffer,
     screen_size_buffer: BufferWrapper,
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl LightCullCompute {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn new(device: Rc<wgpu::Device>, queue: Rc<wgpu::Queue>, screen_size: PhysicalSize<u32>, lights_buffers: &LightUniformBuffers, camera_buffers: &BufferWrapper, depth_texture: &mut RenderTexture) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(device: Arc<wgpu::Device>, queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>, screen_size: PhysicalSize<u32>, lights_buffers: &LightUniformBuffers, camera_buffers: &BufferWrapper, depth_texture: &mut RenderTexture) -> Self {
         let screen_size_buffer = BufferWrapper::builder()
             .buffer_usage(wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST)
             .label_prefix("ScreenSize")

crates/lyra-game/src/render/material.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use lyra_resource::{ResHandle, Texture};
 
 use super::texture::RenderTexture;
 
+#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct MaterialSpecular {
     pub factor: f32,
     pub color_factor: glam::Vec3,
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ pub struct MaterialSpecular {
     pub color_texture: Option<RenderTexture>,
 }
 
-fn texture_to_render(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: &Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, i: &Option<ResHandle<Texture>>) -> Option<RenderTexture> {
+fn texture_to_render(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: &Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, i: &Option<ResHandle<Texture>>) -> Option<RenderTexture> {
     if let Some(tex) = i {
         RenderTexture::from_resource(device, queue, bg_layout.clone(), tex, None).ok()
     } else {
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ fn texture_to_render(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: &Rc<
 }
 
 impl MaterialSpecular {
-    pub fn from_resource(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, value: &lyra_resource::gltf::Specular) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_resource(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, value: &lyra_gltf::Specular) -> Self {
         let tex  = texture_to_render(device, queue, &bg_layout, &value.texture);
         let color_tex  = texture_to_render(device, queue, &bg_layout, &value.color_texture);
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct Material {
 }
 
 impl Material {
-    pub fn from_resource(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, value: &lyra_resource::gltf::Material) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_resource(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, bg_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, value: &lyra_gltf::Material) -> Self {
         let diffuse_texture  = texture_to_render(device, queue, &bg_layout, &value.base_color_texture);
 
         let specular = value.specular.as_ref().map(|s| MaterialSpecular::from_resource(device, queue, bg_layout.clone(), s));
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ impl Material {
             //diffuse: glam::Vec3::new(value.base_color.x, value.base_color.y, value.base_color.z),
             //diffuse: glam::Vec3::new(1.0, 0.5, 0.31),
             //specular: glam::Vec3::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
-            ambient: glam::Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
+            ambient: glam::Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) * 0.5,
             diffuse: glam::Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
             shininess: 32.0,
 

crates/lyra-game/src/render/mod.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,14 @@ pub mod texture;
 pub mod shader_loader;
 pub mod material;
 pub mod camera;
-pub mod window;
 pub mod transform_buffer_storage;
 pub mod light;
 //pub mod light_cull_compute;
 pub mod avec;
-pub mod graph;
+pub mod graph;
+
+mod texture_atlas;
+pub use texture_atlas::*;
+
+mod slot_buffer;
+pub use slot_buffer::*;

crates/lyra-game/src/render/render_buffer.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{num::NonZeroU32, rc::Rc};
+use std::{num::NonZeroU32, sync::Arc};
 
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ impl RenderBuffer {
 
 pub struct BindGroupPair {
     pub bindgroup: wgpu::BindGroup,
-    pub layout: Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+    pub layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
 }
 
 impl BindGroupPair {
-    pub fn create_bind_group(device: &wgpu::Device, layout: Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry<'_>]) -> Self {
+    pub fn create_bind_group(device: &wgpu::Device, layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>, entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry<'_>]) -> Self {
         let bindgroup = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
             layout: &layout,
             entries,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl BindGroupPair {
     pub fn new(bindgroup: wgpu::BindGroup, layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout) -> Self {
         Self {
             bindgroup,
-            layout: Rc::new(layout),
+            layout: Arc::new(layout),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ impl BufferWrapper {
     /// match the layout of this bind group.
     /// 
     /// See [`wgpu::RenderPass::set_bind_group`](https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.set_bind_group).
-    pub fn render_pass_bind_at<'a, 'b>(
+    pub fn render_pass_bind_at<'a>(
         &'a self,
-        pass: &'b mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>,
+        pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>,
         index: u32,
         offsets: &[wgpu::DynamicOffset],
     ) {
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ impl BufferWrapper {
     }
 
     /// Take the bind group layout, the bind group, and the buffer out of the wrapper.
-    pub fn parts(self) -> (Option<Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>, Option<wgpu::BindGroup>, wgpu::Buffer) {
+    pub fn parts(self) -> (Option<Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>, Option<wgpu::BindGroup>, wgpu::Buffer) {
         if let Some(pair) = self.bindgroup_pair {
             (Some(pair.layout), Some(pair.bindgroup), self.inner_buf)
         } else {
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ impl BufferWrapperBuilder {
 
                 BindGroupPair {
                     bindgroup: bg,
-                    layout: Rc::new(bg_layout),
+                    layout: Arc::new(bg_layout),
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ impl BufferWrapperBuilder {
             len: Some(self.count.unwrap_or_default() as usize),
         } */
 
-        (Rc::try_unwrap(bg_pair.layout).unwrap(), bg_pair.bindgroup, buffer, self.count.unwrap_or_default() as usize)
+        (Arc::try_unwrap(bg_pair.layout).unwrap(), bg_pair.bindgroup, buffer, self.count.unwrap_or_default() as usize)
     }
 
     pub fn finish(self, device: &wgpu::Device) -> BufferWrapper {
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ impl BufferWrapperBuilder {
 
         BufferWrapper {
             bindgroup_pair: Some(BindGroupPair {
-                layout: Rc::new(bgl),
+                layout: Arc::new(bgl),
                 bindgroup: bg
             }),
             inner_buf: buff,

crates/lyra-game/src/render/renderer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use lyra_ecs::World;
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+use tracing::{debug, instrument, warn};
+use winit::window::Window;
+
+use crate::render::graph::{BasePass, BasePassLabel, BasePassSlots, FxaaPass, FxaaPassLabel, LightBasePass, LightBasePassLabel, LightCullComputePass, LightCullComputePassLabel, MeshPass, MeshPrepNode, MeshPrepNodeLabel, MeshesPassLabel, PresentPass, PresentPassLabel, RenderGraphLabelValue, RenderTarget, ShadowMapsPass, ShadowMapsPassLabel, SubGraphNode, TransformsNode, TransformsNodeLabel, ViewTarget};
+
+use super::graph::RenderGraph;
+use super::{resource::RenderPipeline, render_job::RenderJob};
+
+use crate::math;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct ScreenSize(glam::UVec2);
+
+impl Deref for ScreenSize {
+    type Target = glam::UVec2;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for ScreenSize {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+struct TestSubGraphLabel;
+
+pub trait Renderer {
+    fn prepare(&mut self, main_world: &mut World);
+    fn render(&mut self) -> Result<(), wgpu::SurfaceError>;
+    fn on_resize(&mut self, world: &mut World, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>);
+
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>;
+    fn add_render_pipeline(&mut self, shader_id: u64, pipeline: Arc<RenderPipeline>);
+}
+
+pub trait RenderPass {
+    fn prepare(&mut self, main_world: &mut World);
+    fn render(&mut self, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder) -> Result<(), wgpu::SurfaceError>;
+    fn on_resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>);
+}
+
+pub struct BasicRenderer {
+    pub device: Arc<wgpu::Device>, // device does not need to be mutable, no need for refcell
+    pub queue: Arc<wgpu::Queue>,
+    pub size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    pub window: Arc<Window>,
+
+    pub clear_color: wgpu::Color,
+
+    pub render_pipelines: rustc_hash::FxHashMap<u64, Arc<RenderPipeline>>,
+    pub render_jobs: VecDeque<RenderJob>,
+
+    graph: RenderGraph,
+}
+
+impl BasicRenderer {
+    #[instrument(skip(world, window))]
+    pub async fn create_with_window(world: &mut World, window: Arc<Window>) -> BasicRenderer {
+        let size = window.inner_size();
+        world.add_resource(ScreenSize(glam::UVec2::new(size.width, size.height)));
+
+        // Get a GPU handle
+        let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
+            backends: wgpu::Backends::all(),
+            dx12_shader_compiler: Default::default(),
+            flags: wgpu::InstanceFlags::default(),
+            gles_minor_version: wgpu::Gles3MinorVersion::Automatic,
+        });
+
+        let surface: wgpu::Surface::<'static> = instance.create_surface(window.clone()).unwrap();
+
+        let adapter = instance.request_adapter(
+            &wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+                power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+                compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
+                force_fallback_adapter: false,
+            },
+        ).await.unwrap();
+
+        let (device, queue) = adapter.request_device(
+            &wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+                label: None,
+                required_features: wgpu::Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES | wgpu::Features::ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER,
+                // WebGL does not support all wgpu features.
+                // Not sure if the engine will ever completely support WASM,
+                // but its here just in case
+                required_limits: if cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") {
+                    wgpu::Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults()
+                } else {
+                    wgpu::Limits {
+                        max_bind_groups: 8,
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    }
+                },
+                memory_hints: wgpu::MemoryHints::MemoryUsage,
+            },
+            None,
+        ).await.unwrap();
+
+        let surface_caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
+        let present_mode = surface_caps.present_modes[0];
+        debug!("present mode: {:?}", present_mode);
+
+        let surface_format = surface_caps.formats.iter()
+            .copied()
+            .find(|f| f.is_srgb())
+            .unwrap_or(surface_caps.formats[0]);
+        let config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
+            format: surface_format,
+            width: size.width,
+            height: size.height,
+            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::default(), //wgpu::PresentMode::Mailbox, // "Fast Vsync"
+            alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0],
+            desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
+            view_formats: vec![],
+        };
+        surface.configure(&device, &config);
+
+        let device = Arc::new(device);
+        let queue = Arc::new(queue);
+
+        let surface_target = RenderTarget::from_surface(surface, config);
+        let view_target = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ViewTarget::new(device.clone(), surface_target)));
+
+        let mut main_graph = RenderGraph::new(device.clone(), queue.clone(), view_target.clone());
+
+        debug!("Adding base pass");
+        main_graph.add_node(BasePassLabel, BasePass::new());
+
+        {
+            let mut forward_plus_graph = RenderGraph::new(device.clone(), queue.clone(), view_target.clone());
+
+            debug!("Adding light base pass");
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(LightBasePassLabel, LightBasePass::new());
+            
+            debug!("Adding light cull compute pass");
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(LightCullComputePassLabel, LightCullComputePass::new(size));
+
+            debug!("Adding Transforms node");
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(TransformsNodeLabel, TransformsNode::new());
+            
+            debug!("Adding shadow maps pass");
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(ShadowMapsPassLabel, ShadowMapsPass::new(&device));
+            
+            debug!("Adding mesh prep node");
+            let mesh_prep = MeshPrepNode::new(&device);
+            let material_bgl = mesh_prep.material_bgl.clone();
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(MeshPrepNodeLabel, mesh_prep);
+            debug!("Adding mesh pass");
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(MeshesPassLabel, MeshPass::new(material_bgl));
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(TransformsNodeLabel, MeshPrepNodeLabel);
+
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(LightBasePassLabel, LightCullComputePassLabel);
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(LightCullComputePassLabel, MeshesPassLabel);
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(MeshPrepNodeLabel, MeshesPassLabel);
+
+            // run ShadowMapsPass after MeshPrep and before MeshesPass
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(MeshPrepNodeLabel, ShadowMapsPassLabel);
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(ShadowMapsPassLabel, MeshesPassLabel);
+            
+            main_graph.add_sub_graph(TestSubGraphLabel, forward_plus_graph);
+            main_graph.add_node(TestSubGraphLabel, SubGraphNode::new(TestSubGraphLabel, 
+                vec![
+                    /* RenderGraphLabelValue::from(BasePassSlots::WindowTextureView),
+                    RenderGraphLabelValue::from(BasePassSlots::MainRenderTarget), */
+                    RenderGraphLabelValue::from(BasePassSlots::DepthTexture),
+                    RenderGraphLabelValue::from(BasePassSlots::DepthTextureView),
+                    RenderGraphLabelValue::from(BasePassSlots::Camera),
+                    RenderGraphLabelValue::from(BasePassSlots::ScreenSize),
+                ]
+            ));
+        }
+
+        main_graph.add_node(FxaaPassLabel, FxaaPass::default());
+        main_graph.add_edge(TestSubGraphLabel, FxaaPassLabel);
+
+        //let present_pass_label = PresentPassLabel::new(BasePassSlots::Frame);//TintPassSlots::Frame);
+        let p = PresentPass;
+        main_graph.add_node(PresentPassLabel, p);
+
+        main_graph.add_edge(BasePassLabel, TestSubGraphLabel);
+        main_graph.add_edge(TestSubGraphLabel, PresentPassLabel);
+
+        /* debug!("Adding base pass");
+        g.add_node(BasePassLabel, BasePass::new(surface_target));
+        
+        //debug!("Adding triangle pass");
+        //g.add_node(TrianglePass::new());
+
+        
+
+        debug!("Adding present pass");
+        let present_pass_label = PresentPassLabel::new(BasePassSlots::Frame);//TintPassSlots::Frame);
+        let p = PresentPass::from_node_label(present_pass_label.clone());
+        g.add_node(p.label.clone(), p); */
+
+        /* debug!("adding tint pass");
+        g.add_node(TintPassLabel, TintPass::new(surface_target));
+
+        g.add_edge(BasePassLabel, TintPassLabel);
+        g.add_edge(LightCullComputePassLabel, TintPassLabel);
+        g.add_edge(MeshesPassLabel, TintPassLabel);
+
+        g.add_edge(TintPassLabel, present_pass_label.clone());
+        */
+
+        /* g.add_edge(BasePassLabel, LightBasePassLabel);
+        g.add_edge(LightBasePassLabel, LightCullComputePassLabel);
+        g.add_edge(BasePassLabel, MeshesPassLabel);
+
+        g.add_edge(BasePassLabel, present_pass_label.clone());
+        g.add_edge(LightCullComputePassLabel, present_pass_label.clone());
+        g.add_edge(MeshesPassLabel, present_pass_label.clone()); */
+
+        main_graph.setup(&device);
+
+        Self {
+            window,
+            device,
+            queue,
+            size,
+            clear_color: wgpu::Color {
+                r: 0.1,
+                g: 0.2,
+                b: 0.3,
+                a: 1.0,
+            },
+            render_pipelines: Default::default(),
+            render_jobs: Default::default(),
+
+            graph: main_graph,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Renderer for BasicRenderer {
+    #[instrument(skip(self, main_world))]
+    fn prepare(&mut self, main_world: &mut World) {
+        self.graph.prepare(main_world);
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self))]
+    fn render(&mut self) -> Result<(), wgpu::SurfaceError> {
+        self.graph.render();
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(world, self))]
+    fn on_resize(&mut self, world: &mut World, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        if new_size.width > 0 && new_size.height > 0 {
+            self.size = new_size;
+            
+            // update surface config and the surface
+            /* let mut rt = self.graph.slot_value_mut(BasePassSlots::MainRenderTarget)
+                .unwrap().as_render_target_mut().unwrap();
+            rt.resize(&self.device, math::UVec2::new(new_size.width, new_size.height)); */
+            self.graph.view_target_mut().resize(&self.device, math::UVec2::new(new_size.width, new_size.height));
+            /* rt.surface_config.width = new_size.width;
+            rt.surface_config.height = new_size.height;
+            rt.surface.configure(&self.device, &rt.surface_config); */
+
+            // update screen size resource in ecs
+            let mut world_ss = world.get_resource_mut::<ScreenSize>()
+                .expect("world missing ScreenSize resource");
+            world_ss.0 = glam::UVec2::new(new_size.width, new_size.height);
+
+            
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.size
+    }
+
+    fn add_render_pipeline(&mut self, shader_id: u64, pipeline: Arc<RenderPipeline>) {
+        self.render_pipelines.insert(shader_id, pipeline);
+    }
+}