examples/simple_scene/src/main.rs

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ fn setup_scene_plugin(game: &mut Game) {
     world.spawn((
         cube_mesh.clone(),
         WorldTransform::default(),
-        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, -5.0, -2.0),
+        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, -2.0),
     ));
 
     {

lyra-game/src/render/graph/mod.rs

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ impl RenderGraph {
     #[instrument(skip(self, world))]
     pub fn prepare(&mut self, world: &mut World) {
         // prepare all passes
-        let mut context = RenderGraphContext::new(&self.queue, None);
+        let mut context = RenderGraphContext::new(&self.device, &self.queue, None);
         for (_, pass) in &mut self.passes {
             let mut inner = pass.inner.borrow_mut();
             inner.prepare(world, &mut context);
@@ -266,8 +266,10 @@ impl RenderGraph {
                 None
             };
 
-            let queue = self.queue.clone(); // clone is required to appease the borrow checker
-            let mut context = RenderGraphContext::new(&queue, encoder);
+            // clone of the Rc's is required to appease the borrow checker
+            let device = self.device.clone();
+            let queue = self.queue.clone();
+            let mut context = RenderGraphContext::new(&device, &queue, encoder);
 
             // all encoders need to be submitted before a presenter node is executed.
             if pass_desc.pass_type == RenderPassType::Presenter {
@@ -407,15 +409,17 @@ pub(crate) struct GraphBufferWrite {
 pub struct RenderGraphContext<'a> {
     /// Becomes None when the encoder is submitted
     pub(crate) encoder: Option<wgpu::CommandEncoder>,
+    pub(crate) device: &'a wgpu::Device,
     pub(crate) queue: &'a wgpu::Queue,
     pub(crate) buffer_writes: VecDeque<GraphBufferWrite>,
     renderpass_desc: Vec<wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor<'a, 'a>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> RenderGraphContext<'a> {
-    pub fn new(queue: &'a wgpu::Queue, encoder: Option<wgpu::CommandEncoder>) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(device: &'a wgpu::Device, queue: &'a wgpu::Queue, encoder: Option<wgpu::CommandEncoder>) -> Self {
         Self {
             encoder,
+            device,
             queue,
             buffer_writes: Default::default(),
             renderpass_desc: vec![],

lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/base.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl RenderGraphPass for BasePass {
         let mut desc = RenderGraphPassDesc::new(
             graph.next_id(),
             "base",
-            RenderPassType::Render,
+            RenderPassType::Node,
             None,
             vec![
                 ("depth_texture", depth_texture_bg, Some(depth_texture_bgl)),
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ impl RenderGraphPass for BasePass {
             Some(SlotValue::Lazy),
         );
         desc.add_texture_view_slot(
-            self.window_tv_id,
+            graph.next_id(),
             "depth_texture_view",
             SlotAttribute::Output,
             Some(SlotValue::TextureView(depth_texture_view)),

lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/meshes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+use std::{collections::{HashSet, VecDeque}, rc::Rc};
+
+use glam::Vec3;
+use itertools::izip;
+use lyra_ecs::{query::{filter::{Has, Not, Or}, Entities, Res, TickOf}, relation::{ChildOf, RelationOriginComponent}, Component, Entity};
+use lyra_math::Transform;
+use lyra_resource::{gltf::Mesh, ResHandle};
+use lyra_scene::{SceneGraph, WorldTransform};
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
+use tracing::{debug, instrument, warn};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::{
+    render::{
+        desc_buf_lay::DescVertexBufferLayout, graph::{
+            RenderGraphContext, RenderGraphPass, RenderGraphPassDesc,
+            RenderPassType,
+        }, material::{Material, MaterialUniform}, render_buffer::{BufferStorage, BufferWrapper}, render_job::RenderJob, resource::{FragmentState, PipelineDescriptor, RenderPipelineDescriptor, Shader, VertexState}, texture::RenderTexture, transform_buffer_storage::{TransformBuffers, TransformGroup}, vertex::Vertex
+    },
+    DeltaTime,
+};
+
+type MeshHandle = ResHandle<Mesh>;
+type SceneHandle = ResHandle<SceneGraph>;
+
+struct MeshBufferStorage {
+    buffer_vertex: BufferStorage,
+    buffer_indices: Option<(wgpu::IndexFormat, BufferStorage)>,
+
+    //#[allow(dead_code)]
+    //render_texture: Option<RenderTexture>,
+    material: Option<Rc<Material>>,
+
+    // The index of the transform for this entity.
+    // The tuple is structured like this: (transform index, index of transform inside the buffer)
+    //transform_index: TransformBufferIndices,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Component)]
+struct InterpTransform {
+    last_transform: Transform,
+    alpha: f32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct MeshPass {
+    transforms: Option<TransformBuffers>,
+    mesh_buffers: FxHashMap<uuid::Uuid, MeshBufferStorage>,
+    render_jobs: VecDeque<RenderJob>,
+
+    texture_bind_group_layout: Option<Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>>,
+    material_buffer: Option<wgpu::Buffer>,
+    material_buffers: FxHashMap<uuid::Uuid, Rc<Material>>,
+    entity_meshes: FxHashMap<Entity, uuid::Uuid>,
+
+    default_texture: Option<RenderTexture>,
+}
+
+impl MeshPass {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the mesh buffers in the GPU need to be updated.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, queue, mesh_han))]
+    fn check_mesh_buffers(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, mesh_han: &ResHandle<Mesh>) {
+        let mesh_uuid = mesh_han.uuid();
+
+        if let (Some(mesh), Some(buffers)) = (mesh_han.data_ref(), self.mesh_buffers.get_mut(&mesh_uuid)) {
+            // check if the buffer sizes dont match. If they dont, completely remake the buffers
+            let vertices = mesh.position().unwrap();
+            if buffers.buffer_vertex.count() != vertices.len() {
+                debug!("Recreating buffers for mesh {}", mesh_uuid.to_string());
+                let (vert, idx) = self.create_vertex_index_buffers(device, &mesh);
+
+                // have to re-get buffers because of borrow checker
+                let buffers = self.mesh_buffers.get_mut(&mesh_uuid).unwrap();
+                buffers.buffer_indices = idx;
+                buffers.buffer_vertex = vert;
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // update vertices
+            let vertex_buffer = buffers.buffer_vertex.buffer();
+            let vertices = vertices.as_slice();
+            // align the vertices to 4 bytes (u32 is 4 bytes, which is wgpu::COPY_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT)
+            let (_, vertices, _) = bytemuck::pod_align_to::<Vec3, u32>(vertices);
+            queue.write_buffer(vertex_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(vertices));
+
+            // update the indices if they're given
+            if let Some(index_buffer) = buffers.buffer_indices.as_ref() {
+                let aligned_indices = match mesh.indices.as_ref().unwrap() {
+                    // U16 indices need to be aligned to u32, for wpgu, which are 4-bytes in size.
+                    lyra_resource::gltf::MeshIndices::U16(v) => bytemuck::pod_align_to::<u16, u32>(v).1,
+                    lyra_resource::gltf::MeshIndices::U32(v) => bytemuck::pod_align_to::<u32, u32>(v).1,
+                };
+                
+                let index_buffer = index_buffer.1.buffer();
+                queue.write_buffer(index_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(aligned_indices));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, mesh))]
+    fn create_vertex_index_buffers(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, mesh: &Mesh) -> (BufferStorage, Option<(wgpu::IndexFormat, BufferStorage)>) {
+        let positions = mesh.position().unwrap();
+        let tex_coords: Vec<glam::Vec2> = mesh.tex_coords().cloned()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0); positions.len()]);
+        let normals = mesh.normals().unwrap();
+
+        assert!(positions.len() == tex_coords.len() && positions.len() == normals.len());
+
+        let mut vertex_inputs = vec![];
+        for (v, t, n) in izip!(positions.iter(), tex_coords.iter(), normals.iter()) {
+            vertex_inputs.push(Vertex::new(*v, *t, *n));
+        }
+
+        let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(
+            &wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Vertex Buffer"),
+                contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(vertex_inputs.as_slice()),//vertex_combined.as_slice(),
+                usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages:: COPY_DST, 
+            }
+        );
+        let vertex_buffer = BufferStorage::new(vertex_buffer, 0, vertex_inputs.len());
+
+        let indices = match mesh.indices.as_ref() {
+            Some(indices) => {
+                let (idx_type, len, contents) = match indices {
+                    lyra_resource::gltf::MeshIndices::U16(v) => (wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16, v.len(), bytemuck::cast_slice(v)),
+                    lyra_resource::gltf::MeshIndices::U32(v) => (wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32, v.len(), bytemuck::cast_slice(v)),
+                };
+
+                let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(
+                    &wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+                        label: Some("Index Buffer"),
+                        contents,
+                        usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::INDEX | wgpu::BufferUsages:: COPY_DST,
+                    }
+                );
+
+                let buffer_indices = BufferStorage::new(index_buffer, 0, len);
+
+                Some((idx_type, buffer_indices))
+            },
+            None => {
+                None
+            }
+        };
+
+        ( vertex_buffer, indices )
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, queue, mesh))]
+    fn create_mesh_buffers(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, mesh: &Mesh) -> MeshBufferStorage {
+        let (vertex_buffer, buffer_indices) = self.create_vertex_index_buffers(device, mesh);
+
+        let material = mesh.material.as_ref()
+            .expect("Material resource not loaded yet");
+        let material_ref = material.data_ref()
+            .unwrap();
+        
+        let material = self.material_buffers.entry(material.uuid())
+            .or_insert_with(|| {
+                debug!(uuid=material.uuid().to_string(), "Sending material to gpu");
+                Rc::new(Material::from_resource(&device, &queue, self.texture_bind_group_layout.clone().unwrap(), &material_ref))
+            });
+
+        // TODO: support material uniforms from multiple uniforms
+        let uni = MaterialUniform::from(&**material);
+        queue.write_buffer(&self.material_buffer.as_ref().unwrap(), 0, bytemuck::bytes_of(&uni));
+
+        MeshBufferStorage {
+            buffer_vertex: vertex_buffer,
+            buffer_indices,
+            material: Some(material.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Processes the mesh for the renderer, storing and creating buffers as needed. Returns true if a new mesh was processed.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, device, queue, transform, mesh, entity))]
+    fn process_mesh(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, entity: Entity, transform: Transform, mesh: &Mesh, mesh_uuid: Uuid) -> bool {
+        let _ = transform;
+        /* if self.transform_buffers.should_expand() {
+            self.transform_buffers.expand_buffers(&self.device);
+        }
+
+        self.transform_buffers.update_or_insert(&self.queue, &self.render_limits,
+            entity, || ( transform.calculate_mat4(), glam::Mat3::from_quat(transform.rotation) )); */
+
+        #[allow(clippy::map_entry)]
+        if !self.mesh_buffers.contains_key(&mesh_uuid) {
+            // create the mesh's buffers
+            let buffers = self.create_mesh_buffers(device, queue, mesh);
+            self.mesh_buffers.insert(mesh_uuid, buffers);
+            self.entity_meshes.insert(entity, mesh_uuid);
+
+            true
+        } else { false }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RenderGraphPass for MeshPass {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::RenderGraphPassDesc {
+        
+        let device = graph.device();
+        
+        let transforms = TransformBuffers::new(device);
+        let transform_bgl = transforms.bindgroup_layout.clone();
+        self.transforms = Some(transforms);
+
+        let texture_bind_group_layout = Rc::new(RenderTexture::create_layout(&device));
+        self.texture_bind_group_layout = Some(texture_bind_group_layout.clone());
+
+        let (material_bgl, material_bg, material_buf, _) = BufferWrapper::builder()
+            .label_prefix("material")
+            .visibility(wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT)
+            .buffer_usage(wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST)
+            .contents(&[MaterialUniform::default()])
+            .finish_parts(device);
+        let material_bgl = Rc::new(material_bgl);
+        let material_bg = Rc::new(material_bg);
+
+        self.material_buffer = Some(material_buf);
+
+        // load the default texture
+        let bytes = include_bytes!("../../default_texture.png");
+        self.default_texture = Some(RenderTexture::from_bytes(&device, &graph.queue, texture_bind_group_layout.clone(), bytes, "default_texture").unwrap());
+
+        // get surface config format
+        let main_rt = graph.slot_id("main_render_target")
+            .and_then(|s| graph.slot_value(s))
+            .and_then(|s| s.as_render_target())
+            .expect("missing main render target");
+        let surface_config_format = main_rt.surface_config.format;
+        drop(main_rt);
+
+        // get the id here to make borrow checker happy
+        let pass_id = graph.next_id();
+
+        let camera_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(graph.bind_group_id("camera").unwrap());
+        let lights_bgl = graph.bind_group_layout(graph.bind_group_id("light_buffers").unwrap());
+        let light_grid_bgl = graph
+            .bind_group_layout(graph.bind_group_id("light_indices_grid")
+                .expect("Missing light grid bind group"));
+
+        let shader = Rc::new(Shader {
+            label: Some("base_shader".into()),
+            source: include_str!("../../shaders/base.wgsl").to_string(),
+        });
+
+        let desc = RenderGraphPassDesc::new(
+            pass_id,
+            "meshes",
+            RenderPassType::Render,
+            Some(PipelineDescriptor::Render(RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+                label: Some("meshes".into()),
+                layouts: vec![
+                    texture_bind_group_layout.clone(),
+                    transform_bgl,
+                    camera_bgl.clone(),
+                    lights_bgl.clone(),
+                    material_bgl.clone(),
+                    texture_bind_group_layout,
+                    light_grid_bgl.clone(),
+                ],
+                push_constant_ranges: vec![],
+                vertex: VertexState {
+                    module: shader.clone(),
+                    entry_point: "vs_main".into(),
+                    buffers: vec![
+                        Vertex::desc().into(),
+                    ],
+                },
+                fragment: Some(FragmentState {
+                    module: shader,
+                    entry_point: "fs_main".into(),
+                    targets: vec![Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                        format: surface_config_format,
+                        blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
+                        write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                    })],
+                }),
+                depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                    format: RenderTexture::DEPTH_FORMAT,
+                    depth_write_enabled: true,
+                    depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
+                    stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(), // TODO: stencil buffer
+                    bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+                }),
+                primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState::default(),
+                multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState::default(),
+                multiview: None,
+            })),
+            vec![
+                ("material", material_bg, Some(material_bgl)),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        desc
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, world, context))]
+    fn prepare(&mut self, world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, context: &mut RenderGraphContext) {
+        let device = context.device;
+        let queue = context.queue;
+        let render_limits = device.limits();
+
+        let last_epoch = world.current_tick();
+        let mut alive_entities = HashSet::new();
+        
+        let view = world.view_iter::<(
+            Entities,
+            &Transform,
+            TickOf<Transform>,
+            Or<
+                (&MeshHandle, TickOf<MeshHandle>),
+                (&SceneHandle, TickOf<SceneHandle>)
+            >,
+            Option<&mut InterpTransform>,
+            Res<DeltaTime>,
+        )>();
+
+        // used to store InterpTransform components to add to entities later
+        let mut component_queue: Vec<(Entity, InterpTransform)> = vec![];
+
+        for (
+                entity,
+                transform,
+                _transform_epoch,
+                (
+                    mesh_pair,
+                    scene_pair
+                ),
+                interp_tran,
+                delta_time,
+            ) in view
+        {
+            alive_entities.insert(entity);
+
+            let interp_transform = match interp_tran {
+                Some(mut interp_transform) => {
+                    // found in https://youtu.be/YJB1QnEmlTs?t=472
+                    interp_transform.alpha = 1.0 - interp_transform.alpha.powf(**delta_time);
+    
+                    interp_transform.last_transform = interp_transform.last_transform.lerp(*transform, interp_transform.alpha);
+                    interp_transform.last_transform
+                },
+                None => {
+                    let interp = InterpTransform {
+                        last_transform: *transform,
+                        alpha: 0.5,
+                    };
+                    component_queue.push((entity, interp));
+
+                    *transform
+                }
+            };
+
+            if let Some((mesh_han, mesh_epoch)) = mesh_pair {
+                if let Some(mesh) = mesh_han.data_ref() {
+                    // if process mesh did not just create a new mesh, and the epoch
+                    // shows that the scene has changed, verify that the mesh buffers
+                    // dont need to be resent to the gpu.
+                    if !self.process_mesh(device, queue, entity, interp_transform, &*mesh, mesh_han.uuid())
+                            && mesh_epoch == last_epoch {
+                        self.check_mesh_buffers(device, queue, &mesh_han);
+                    }
+
+                    let transforms = self.transforms.as_mut().unwrap();
+                    if transforms.needs_expand() {
+                        debug!("Expanding transform buffers");
+                        transforms.expand_buffers(device);
+                    }
+                    
+                    let group = TransformGroup::EntityRes(entity, mesh_han.uuid());
+                    let transform_id = transforms.update_or_push(device, queue, &render_limits,
+                        group, interp_transform.calculate_mat4(), glam::Mat3::from_quat(interp_transform.rotation));
+
+                    let material = mesh.material.as_ref().unwrap()
+                        .data_ref().unwrap();
+                    let shader = material.shader_uuid.unwrap_or(0);
+                    let job = RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), transform_id);
+                    self.render_jobs.push_back(job);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some((scene_han, scene_epoch)) = scene_pair {
+                if let Some(scene) = scene_han.data_ref() {
+                    if scene_epoch == last_epoch {
+                        let view = scene.world().view::<(Entities, &mut WorldTransform, &Transform, Not<Has<RelationOriginComponent<ChildOf>>>)>();
+                        lyra_scene::system_update_world_transforms(scene.world(), view).unwrap();
+                    }
+
+                    for (mesh_han, pos) in scene.world().view_iter::<(&MeshHandle, &WorldTransform)>() {
+                        if let Some(mesh) = mesh_han.data_ref() {
+                            let mesh_interpo = interp_transform + **pos;
+
+                            // if process mesh did not just create a new mesh, and the epoch
+                            // shows that the scene has changed, verify that the mesh buffers
+                            // dont need to be resent to the gpu.
+                            if !self.process_mesh(device, queue, entity, mesh_interpo, &*mesh, mesh_han.uuid())
+                                    && scene_epoch == last_epoch {
+                                self.check_mesh_buffers(device, queue, &mesh_han);
+                            }
+
+                            let transforms = self.transforms.as_mut().unwrap();
+                            if transforms.needs_expand() {
+                                debug!("Expanding transform buffers");
+                                transforms.expand_buffers(device);
+                            }
+
+                            let scene_mesh_group = TransformGroup::Res(scene_han.uuid(), mesh_han.uuid());
+                            let group = TransformGroup::OwnedGroup(entity, scene_mesh_group.into());
+                            let transform_id = transforms.update_or_push(device, queue, &render_limits,
+                                group, mesh_interpo.calculate_mat4(), glam::Mat3::from_quat(mesh_interpo.rotation) );
+                            
+                            let material = mesh.material.as_ref().unwrap()
+                                .data_ref().unwrap();
+                            let shader = material.shader_uuid.unwrap_or(0);
+                            let job = RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), transform_id);
+                            self.render_jobs.push_back(job);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (en, interp) in component_queue {
+            world.insert(en, interp);
+        }
+
+        let transforms = self.transforms.as_mut().unwrap();
+        transforms.send_to_gpu(queue);
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        graph: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        desc: &crate::render::graph::RenderGraphPassDesc,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let encoder = context.encoder.as_mut().unwrap();
+
+        let view = graph
+            .slot_value(graph.slot_id("window_texture_view").unwrap())
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_texture_view();
+
+        let depth_view = graph
+            .slot_value(graph.slot_id("depth_texture_view").unwrap())
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_texture_view();
+
+        let camera_bg = graph
+            .bind_group(graph.bind_group_id("camera")
+                .expect("Missing camera bind group"));
+        
+        let lights_bg = graph
+            .bind_group(graph.bind_group_id("light_buffers")
+                .expect("Missing lights bind group"));
+
+        let light_grid_bg = graph
+            .bind_group(graph.bind_group_id("light_indices_grid")
+                .expect("Missing light grid bind group"));
+
+        let material_bg = graph
+            .bind_group(graph.bind_group_id("material")
+                .expect("Missing material bind group"));
+
+        let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Render Pass"),
+            color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                view: &view,
+                resolve_target: None,
+                ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color {
+                        r: 0.1,
+                        g: 0.2,
+                        b: 0.3,
+                        a: 1.0,
+                    }),
+                    store: true,
+                },
+            })],
+            // enable depth buffer
+            depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                view: &depth_view,
+                depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
+                    store: true,
+                }),
+                stencil_ops: None,
+            }),
+        });
+
+        let pipeline = graph.pipeline(desc.id);
+        pass.set_pipeline(&pipeline.as_render());
+
+        //let material_buffer_bg = self.material_buffer.as_ref().unwrap().bindgroup();
+        let default_texture = self.default_texture.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let transforms = self.transforms.as_mut().unwrap();
+
+        while let Some(job) = self.render_jobs.pop_front() {
+            // get the mesh (containing vertices) and the buffers from storage
+            let buffers = self.mesh_buffers.get(&job.mesh_uuid);
+            if buffers.is_none() {
+                warn!("Skipping job since its mesh is missing {:?}", job.mesh_uuid);
+                continue;
+            }
+            let buffers = buffers.unwrap();
+
+            // Bind the optional texture
+            if let Some(tex) = buffers.material.as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|m| m.diffuse_texture.as_ref()) {
+                pass.set_bind_group(0, tex.bind_group(), &[]);
+            } else {
+                pass.set_bind_group(0, default_texture.bind_group(), &[]);
+            }
+
+            if let Some(tex) = buffers.material.as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|m| m.specular.as_ref())
+                    .and_then(|s| s.texture.as_ref().or(s.color_texture.as_ref())) {
+                pass.set_bind_group(5, tex.bind_group(), &[]);
+            } else {
+                pass.set_bind_group(5, default_texture.bind_group(), &[]);
+            }
+
+            // Get the bindgroup for job's transform and bind to it using an offset.
+            let bindgroup = transforms.bind_group(job.transform_id);
+            let offset = transforms.buffer_offset(job.transform_id);
+            pass.set_bind_group(1, bindgroup, &[ offset, ]);
+
+            pass.set_bind_group(2, &camera_bg, &[]);
+            pass.set_bind_group(3, &lights_bg, &[]);
+            pass.set_bind_group(4, &material_bg, &[]);
+
+            pass.set_bind_group(6, &light_grid_bg, &[]);
+
+            // if this mesh uses indices, use them to draw the mesh
+            if let Some((idx_type, indices)) = buffers.buffer_indices.as_ref() {
+                let indices_len = indices.count() as u32;
+
+                pass.set_vertex_buffer(buffers.buffer_vertex.slot(), buffers.buffer_vertex.buffer().slice(..));
+                pass.set_index_buffer(indices.buffer().slice(..), *idx_type);
+                pass.draw_indexed(0..indices_len, 0, 0..1);
+            } else {
+                let vertex_count = buffers.buffer_vertex.count();
+
+                pass.set_vertex_buffer(buffers.buffer_vertex.slot(), buffers.buffer_vertex.buffer().slice(..));
+                pass.draw(0..vertex_count as u32, 0..1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/mod.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ pub use simple_phong::*; */
 mod base;
 pub use base::*;
 
+mod meshes;
+pub use meshes::*;
+
 mod light_base;
 pub use light_base::*;
 

lyra-game/src/render/renderer.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,16 @@
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::borrow::Cow;
 
-use lyra_ecs::Component;
 use lyra_ecs::World;
-use lyra_scene::SceneGraph;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument, warn};
-use wgpu::Limits;
 use winit::window::Window;
 
-use crate::math::Transform;
-use crate::render::graph::{BasePass, LightBasePass, LightCullComputePass, PresentPass, TrianglePass};
-use crate::render::material::MaterialUniform;
-use crate::render::render_buffer::BufferWrapperBuilder;
+use crate::render::graph::{BasePass, LightBasePass, LightCullComputePass, MeshPass, PresentPass};
 
-use super::camera::CameraUniform;
 use super::graph::RenderGraph;
-use super::light::LightUniformBuffers;
-use super::material::Material;
-use super::render_buffer::BufferWrapper;
-use super::texture::RenderTexture;
-use super::transform_buffer_storage::TransformBuffers;
-use super::{resource::RenderPipeline, render_buffer::BufferStorage, render_job::RenderJob};
-
-use lyra_resource::{gltf::Mesh, ResHandle};
-
-type MeshHandle = ResHandle<Mesh>;
-type SceneHandle = ResHandle<SceneGraph>;
+use super::{resource::RenderPipeline, render_job::RenderJob};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct ScreenSize(glam::UVec2);
@@ -63,25 +44,6 @@ pub trait RenderPass {
     fn on_resize(&mut self, new_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>);
 }
 
-struct MeshBufferStorage {
-    buffer_vertex: BufferStorage,
-    buffer_indices: Option<(wgpu::IndexFormat, BufferStorage)>,
-
-    //#[allow(dead_code)]
-    //render_texture: Option<RenderTexture>,
-    material: Option<Rc<Material>>,
-
-    // The index of the transform for this entity.
-    // The tuple is structured like this: (transform index, index of transform inside the buffer)
-    //transform_index: TransformBufferIndices,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Component)]
-pub struct InterpTransform {
-    last_transform: Transform,
-    alpha: f32,
-}
-
 pub struct BasicRenderer {
     pub device: Rc<wgpu::Device>, // device does not need to be mutable, no need for refcell
     pub queue: Rc<wgpu::Queue>,
@@ -93,24 +55,6 @@ pub struct BasicRenderer {
     pub render_pipelines: rustc_hash::FxHashMap<u64, Arc<RenderPipeline>>,
     pub render_jobs: VecDeque<RenderJob>,
 
-    //mesh_buffers: rustc_hash::FxHashMap<uuid::Uuid, MeshBufferStorage>, // TODO: clean up left over buffers from deleted entities/components
-    //material_buffers: rustc_hash::FxHashMap<uuid::Uuid, Rc<Material>>,
-    //entity_meshes: rustc_hash::FxHashMap<Entity, uuid::Uuid>,
-
-    //transform_buffers: TransformBuffers,
-
-    render_limits: Limits,
-
-    //inuse_camera: RenderCamera,
-    //camera_buffer: BufferWrapper,
-
-    //bgl_texture: Rc<BindGroupLayout>,
-    //default_texture: RenderTexture,
-    //depth_buffer_texture: RenderTexture,
-    //material_buffer: BufferWrapper,
-    //light_buffers: LightUniformBuffers,
-    //light_cull_compute: LightCullCompute,
-
     graph: RenderGraph,
 }
 
@@ -156,11 +100,8 @@ impl BasicRenderer {
             None,
         ).await.unwrap();
 
-        let render_limits = device.limits();
         let surface_caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
-
         let present_mode = surface_caps.present_modes[0];
-
         debug!("present mode: {:?}", present_mode);
 
         let surface_format = surface_caps.formats.iter()
@@ -172,43 +113,12 @@ impl BasicRenderer {
             format: surface_format,
             width: size.width,
             height: size.height,
-            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Immediate,
+            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::default(), //wgpu::PresentMode::Mailbox, // "Fast Vsync"
             alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0],
             view_formats: vec![],
         };
         surface.configure(&device, &config);
 
-        let bgl_texture = Rc::new(RenderTexture::create_layout(&device));
-
-        let shader_src = include_str!("shaders/base.wgsl");
-        let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Shader"),
-            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(Cow::Borrowed(shader_src)),
-        });
-
-        let transform_buffers = TransformBuffers::new(&device);
-        let camera_buffer = BufferWrapper::builder()
-            .buffer_usage(wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST)
-            .contents(&[CameraUniform::default()])
-            .label_prefix("Camera")
-            .visibility(wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT | wgpu::ShaderStages::COMPUTE)
-            .buffer_dynamic_offset(false)
-            .finish(&device);
-
-        let mut depth_texture = RenderTexture::create_depth_texture(&device, &config, "Tex_Depth");
-
-        // load the default texture
-        let bytes = include_bytes!("default_texture.png");
-        let default_texture = RenderTexture::from_bytes(&device, &queue, bgl_texture.clone(), bytes, "default_texture").unwrap();
-
-        let light_uniform_buffers = LightUniformBuffers::new(&device);
-
-        let mat_buffer = BufferWrapperBuilder::new()
-            .buffer_usage(wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST)
-            .visibility(wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT)
-            .contents(&[MaterialUniform::default()])
-            .finish(&device);
-
         let device = Rc::new(device);
         let queue = Rc::new(queue);
 
@@ -220,15 +130,23 @@ impl BasicRenderer {
         g.add_pass(LightBasePass::new());
         debug!("Adding light cull compute pass");
         g.add_pass(LightCullComputePass::new(size));
-        debug!("Adding triangle pass");
-        g.add_pass(TrianglePass::new());
+        //debug!("Adding triangle pass");
+        //g.add_pass(TrianglePass::new());
+
+        debug!("Adding mesh pass");
+        g.add_pass(MeshPass::new());
+
         debug!("Adding present pass");
         g.add_pass(PresentPass::new("main_render_target"));
 
         g.add_edge("base", "light_base");
         g.add_edge("light_base", "light_cull_compute");
-        g.add_edge("base", "triangle");
+        g.add_edge("base", "meshes");
+
+        // make sure that present runs last
         g.add_edge("base", "present_main_render_target");
+        g.add_edge("light_cull_compute", "present_main_render_target");
+        g.add_edge("meshes", "present_main_render_target");
 
         g.setup(&device);
 
@@ -246,7 +164,6 @@ impl BasicRenderer {
             render_pipelines: Default::default(),
             render_jobs: Default::default(),
 
-            render_limits,
             graph: g,
         }
     }

lyra-game/src/render/resource/shader.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ pub struct VertexBufferLayout {
     pub attributes: Vec<wgpu::VertexAttribute>,
 }
 
+impl<'a> From<wgpu::VertexBufferLayout<'a>> for VertexBufferLayout {
+    fn from(value: wgpu::VertexBufferLayout) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            array_stride: value.array_stride,
+            step_mode: value.step_mode,
+            attributes: value.attributes.to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Describes the vertex stage in a render pipeline.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct VertexState {

lyra-game/src/render/texture.rs

@@ -273,7 +273,10 @@ impl RenderTexture {
         };
         let texture = device.create_texture(&desc);
 
-        let view = texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+        let view = texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+            format: Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
         let sampler = device.create_sampler(
             &wgpu::SamplerDescriptor { // 4.
                 address_mode_u: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,

lyra-game/src/render/transform_buffer_storage.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{collections::{HashMap, VecDeque}, hash::{BuildHasher, DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher, RandomState}, num::NonZeroU64};
+use std::{collections::{HashMap, VecDeque}, hash::{BuildHasher, DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher, RandomState}, num::NonZeroU64, rc::Rc};
 
 use lyra_ecs::Entity;
 use tracing::instrument;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Clone, V: Clone, S: BuildHasher> CachedValMap<K,
 /// [`TransformGroup`]s are used to represent entries in the buffer. They are used to insert,
 /// update, and retrieve the transforms.
 pub struct TransformBuffers {
-    pub bindgroup_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    pub bindgroup_layout: Rc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
     //groups: CachedValMap<TransformGroupId, TransformIndex>,
     //groups: SlotMap<TransformGroupId, TransformIndex>,
     entries: Vec<BufferEntry>,
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ impl TransformBuffers {
         });
 
         let mut s = Self {
-            bindgroup_layout,
+            bindgroup_layout: Rc::new(bindgroup_layout),
             entries: Default::default(),
             max_transform_count: (limits.max_uniform_buffer_binding_size) as usize / (limits.min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment as usize), //(mem::size_of::<glam::Mat4>()),
             limits,
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ impl TransformBuffers {
     /// 
     /// This uses [`wgpu::Queue::write_buffer`], so the write is not immediately submitted,
     /// and instead enqueued internally to happen at the start of the next submit() call.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, queue))]
     pub fn send_to_gpu(&mut self, queue: &wgpu::Queue) {
         self.next_index = 0;