render: create a transform pass for sending transforms to the GPU

examples/2d/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "simple_scene"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+lyra-engine = { path = "../../", features = ["tracy"] }
+anyhow = "1.0.75"
+async-std = "1.12.0"
+tracing = "0.1.37"

examples/2d/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+use lyra_engine::{
+    assets::{gltf::Gltf, ResourceManager}, ecs::query::View, game::App, input::{
+        Action, ActionHandler, ActionKind, ActionMapping, ActionMappingId, ActionSource,
+        InputActionPlugin, KeyCode, LayoutId,
+    }, math::{self, Transform, Vec3}, render::light::directional::DirectionalLight, scene::{
+        CameraComponent, FreeFlyCamera, FreeFlyCameraPlugin, WorldTransform,
+        ACTLBL_LOOK_LEFT_RIGHT, ACTLBL_LOOK_ROLL, ACTLBL_LOOK_UP_DOWN,
+        ACTLBL_MOVE_FORWARD_BACKWARD, ACTLBL_MOVE_LEFT_RIGHT, ACTLBL_MOVE_UP_DOWN,
+    }, winit::WindowOptions
+};
+
+#[async_std::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let action_handler_plugin = |app: &mut App| {
+        let action_handler = ActionHandler::builder()
+            .add_layout(LayoutId::from(0))
+            .add_action(ACTLBL_MOVE_FORWARD_BACKWARD, Action::new(ActionKind::Axis))
+            .add_action(ACTLBL_MOVE_LEFT_RIGHT, Action::new(ActionKind::Axis))
+            .add_action(ACTLBL_MOVE_UP_DOWN, Action::new(ActionKind::Axis))
+            .add_action(ACTLBL_LOOK_LEFT_RIGHT, Action::new(ActionKind::Axis))
+            .add_action(ACTLBL_LOOK_UP_DOWN, Action::new(ActionKind::Axis))
+            .add_action(ACTLBL_LOOK_ROLL, Action::new(ActionKind::Axis))
+            .add_action("Debug", Action::new(ActionKind::Button))
+            .add_mapping(
+                ActionMapping::builder(LayoutId::from(0), ActionMappingId::from(0))
+                    .bind(
+                        ACTLBL_MOVE_FORWARD_BACKWARD,
+                        &[
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyW).into_binding_modifier(1.0),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyS).into_binding_modifier(-1.0),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    .bind(
+                        ACTLBL_MOVE_LEFT_RIGHT,
+                        &[
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyA).into_binding_modifier(-1.0),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyD).into_binding_modifier(1.0),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    .bind(
+                        ACTLBL_MOVE_UP_DOWN,
+                        &[
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyC).into_binding_modifier(1.0),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyZ).into_binding_modifier(-1.0),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    .bind(
+                        ACTLBL_LOOK_LEFT_RIGHT,
+                        &[
+                            //ActionSource::Mouse(MouseInput::Axis(MouseAxis::X)).into_binding(),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::ArrowLeft).into_binding_modifier(-1.0),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::ArrowRight).into_binding_modifier(1.0),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    .bind(
+                        ACTLBL_LOOK_UP_DOWN,
+                        &[
+                            //ActionSource::Mouse(MouseInput::Axis(MouseAxis::Y)).into_binding(),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::ArrowUp).into_binding_modifier(-1.0),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::ArrowDown).into_binding_modifier(1.0),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    .bind(
+                        ACTLBL_LOOK_ROLL,
+                        &[
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyE).into_binding_modifier(-1.0),
+                            ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyQ).into_binding_modifier(1.0),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    .bind(
+                        "Debug",
+                        &[ActionSource::Keyboard(KeyCode::KeyB).into_binding()],
+                    )
+                    .finish(),
+            )
+            .finish();
+
+        //let world = app.world;
+        app.add_resource(action_handler);
+        app.with_plugin(InputActionPlugin);
+    };
+
+    let mut a = App::new();
+    a.with_plugin(lyra_engine::DefaultPlugins)
+        .with_plugin(setup_scene_plugin)
+        .with_plugin(action_handler_plugin)
+        //.with_plugin(camera_debug_plugin)
+        .with_plugin(FreeFlyCameraPlugin);
+    a.run();
+}
+
+fn setup_scene_plugin(app: &mut App) {
+    let world = &mut app.world;
+    let resman = world.get_resource_mut::<ResourceManager>().unwrap();
+
+    /* let camera_gltf = resman
+        .request::<Gltf>("../assets/AntiqueCamera.glb")
+        .unwrap();
+
+    camera_gltf.wait_recurse_dependencies_load();
+    let camera_mesh = &camera_gltf.data_ref().unwrap().scenes[0];
+    drop(resman);
+
+    world.spawn((
+        camera_mesh.clone(),
+        WorldTransform::default(),
+        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, -5.0, -2.0),
+    )); */
+
+    let cube_gltf = resman
+        .request::<Gltf>("../assets/cube-texture-embedded.gltf")
+        .unwrap();
+
+    cube_gltf.wait_recurse_dependencies_load();
+    let cube_mesh = &cube_gltf.data_ref().unwrap().scenes[0];
+    drop(resman);
+
+    world.spawn((
+        cube_mesh.clone(),
+        WorldTransform::default(),
+        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, -2.0),
+    ));
+
+    {
+        let mut light_tran = Transform::from_xyz(1.5, 2.5, 0.0);
+        light_tran.scale = Vec3::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+        light_tran.rotate_x(math::Angle::Degrees(-45.0));
+        light_tran.rotate_y(math::Angle::Degrees(25.0));
+        world.spawn((
+            DirectionalLight {
+                enabled: true,
+                color: Vec3::ONE,
+                intensity: 0.15, //..Default::default()
+            },
+            light_tran,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut camera = CameraComponent::new_2d();
+    camera.transform.translation += math::Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 5.5);
+    world.spawn((camera, FreeFlyCamera::default()));
+}

examples/lua-scripting/cap.cap

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+    "rdocCaptureSettings": 1,
+    "settings": {
+        "autoStart": false,
+        "commandLine": "",
+        "environment": [
+        ],
+        "executable": "/media/data_drive/Development/Rust/lyra-engine/target/debug/lua-scripting",
+        "inject": false,
+        "numQueuedFrames": 2,
+        "options": {
+            "allowFullscreen": true,
+            "allowVSync": true,
+            "apiValidation": false,
+            "captureAllCmdLists": false,
+            "captureCallstacks": false,
+            "captureCallstacksOnlyDraws": false,
+            "debugOutputMute": true,
+            "delayForDebugger": 0,
+            "hookIntoChildren": false,
+            "refAllResources": false,
+            "softMemoryLimit": 0,
+            "verifyBufferAccess": false
+        },
+        "queuedFrameCap": 5,
+        "workingDir": "/media/data_drive/Development/Rust/lyra-engine/examples/lua-scripting"
+    }
+}

examples/simple_scene/src/main.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ use lyra_engine::{
         Action, ActionHandler, ActionKind, ActionMapping, ActionMappingId, ActionSource,
         InputActionPlugin, KeyCode, LayoutId,
     }, math::{self, Transform, Vec3}, render::light::directional::DirectionalLight, scene::{
-        CameraComponent, FreeFlyCamera, FreeFlyCameraPlugin, WorldTransform,
+        system_update_world_transforms, CameraComponent, FreeFlyCamera, FreeFlyCameraPlugin, WorldTransform, ACTLBL_LOOK_LEFT_RIGHT, ACTLBL_LOOK_ROLL, ACTLBL_LOOK_UP_DOWN, ACTLBL_MOVE_FORWARD_BACKWARD, ACTLBL_MOVE_LEFT_RIGHT, ACTLBL_MOVE_UP_DOWN
-        ACTLBL_LOOK_LEFT_RIGHT, ACTLBL_LOOK_ROLL, ACTLBL_LOOK_UP_DOWN,
-        ACTLBL_MOVE_FORWARD_BACKWARD, ACTLBL_MOVE_LEFT_RIGHT, ACTLBL_MOVE_UP_DOWN,
     }, winit::WindowOptions
 };
 
@@ -85,7 +83,8 @@ async fn main() {
         .with_plugin(setup_scene_plugin)
         .with_plugin(action_handler_plugin)
         //.with_plugin(camera_debug_plugin)
-        .with_plugin(FreeFlyCameraPlugin);
+        .with_plugin(FreeFlyCameraPlugin)
+        .with_system("system_update_world_transforms", system_update_world_transforms, &[]);
     a.run();
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ fn setup_scene_plugin(app: &mut App) {
     world.spawn((
         cube_mesh.clone(),
         WorldTransform::default(),
-        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, -2.0),
+        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, -20.0),
     ));
 
     {

lyra-game/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ pub mod winit;
 pub mod as_any;
 pub mod plugin;
 
+pub mod sprite;
+
 mod event;
 pub use event::*;
 

lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/mesh_prepare.rs

@@ -8,32 +8,24 @@ use glam::{UVec2, Vec3};
 use image::GenericImageView;
 use itertools::izip;
 use lyra_ecs::{
-    query::{
+    query::{filter::Or, Entities, ResMut, TickOf},
-        filter::{Has, Not, Or},
+    Entity, ResourceObject, World,
-        Entities, Res, ResMut, TickOf,
-    },
-    relation::{ChildOf, RelationOriginComponent},
-    Component, Entity, ResourceObject, World,
 };
 use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
-use lyra_math::Transform;
 use lyra_resource::{gltf::Mesh, ResHandle};
-use lyra_scene::{SceneGraph, WorldTransform};
+use lyra_scene::SceneGraph;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument};
 use uuid::Uuid;
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::render::{
-    render::{
+    graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
-        graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
+    render_buffer::BufferStorage,
-        render_buffer::BufferStorage,
+    render_job::RenderJob,
-        render_job::RenderJob,
+    texture::{res_filter_to_wgpu, res_wrap_to_wgpu},
-        texture::{res_filter_to_wgpu, res_wrap_to_wgpu},
+    transform_buffer_storage::TransformIndex,
-        transform_buffer_storage::{TransformBuffers, TransformGroup},
+    vertex::Vertex,
-        vertex::Vertex,
-    },
-    DeltaTime,
 };
 
 type MeshHandle = ResHandle<Mesh>;
@@ -48,12 +40,6 @@ pub struct MeshBufferStorage {
     pub material: Option<Arc<GpuMaterial>>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Component)]
-struct InterpTransform {
-    last_transform: Transform,
-    alpha: f32,
-}
-
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
 pub struct MeshPrepNodeLabel;
 
@@ -270,35 +256,27 @@ impl Node for MeshPrepNode {
     ) {
         let device = &context.device;
         let queue = &context.queue;
-        let render_limits = device.limits();
 
         let last_epoch = world.current_tick();
         let mut alive_entities = HashSet::new();
 
         {
             // prepare the world with resources
-            if !world.has_resource::<TransformBuffers>() {
-                let buffers = TransformBuffers::new(device);
-                world.add_resource(buffers);
-            }
             Self::try_init_resource::<RenderMeshes>(world);
             Self::try_init_resource::<RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>>(world);
             Self::try_init_resource::<RenderAssets<Arc<GpuMaterial>>>(world);
             Self::try_init_resource::<FxHashMap<Entity, uuid::Uuid>>(world);
 
-            let mut render_meshes = world.get_resource_mut::<RenderMeshes>()
+            let mut render_meshes = world
+                .get_resource_mut::<RenderMeshes>()
                 .expect("world missing RenderMeshes resource");
             render_meshes.clear();
         }
 
         let view = world.view_iter::<(
             Entities,
-            &Transform,
+            &TransformIndex,
-            TickOf<Transform>,
             Or<(&MeshHandle, TickOf<MeshHandle>), (&SceneHandle, TickOf<SceneHandle>)>,
-            Option<&mut InterpTransform>,
-            Res<DeltaTime>,
-            ResMut<TransformBuffers>,
             ResMut<RenderMeshes>,
             ResMut<RenderAssets<MeshBufferStorage>>,
             ResMut<RenderAssets<Arc<GpuMaterial>>>,
@@ -306,16 +284,10 @@ impl Node for MeshPrepNode {
         )>();
 
         // used to store InterpTransform components to add to entities later
-        let mut component_queue: Vec<(Entity, InterpTransform)> = vec![];
-
         for (
             entity,
-            transform,
+            transform_index,
-            _transform_epoch,
             (mesh_pair, scene_pair),
-            interp_tran,
-            delta_time,
-            mut transforms,
             mut render_meshes,
             mut mesh_buffers,
             mut material_buffers,
@@ -324,40 +296,6 @@ impl Node for MeshPrepNode {
         {
             alive_entities.insert(entity);
 
-            // Interpolate the transform for this entity using a component.
-            // If the entity does not have the component then it will be queued to be added
-            // to it after all the entities are prepared for rendering.
-            let interp_transform = match interp_tran {
-                Some(mut interp_transform) => {
-                    // found in https://youtu.be/YJB1QnEmlTs?t=472
-                    interp_transform.alpha = 1.0 - interp_transform.alpha.powf(**delta_time);
-
-                    interp_transform.last_transform = interp_transform
-                        .last_transform
-                        .lerp(*transform, interp_transform.alpha);
-                    interp_transform.last_transform
-                }
-                None => {
-                    let interp = InterpTransform {
-                        last_transform: *transform,
-                        alpha: 0.5,
-                    };
-                    component_queue.push((entity, interp));
-
-                    *transform
-                }
-            };
-
-            {
-                // expand the transform buffers if they need to be.
-                // this is done in its own scope to avoid multiple mutable references to self at
-                // once; aka, make the borrow checker happy
-                if transforms.needs_expand() {
-                    debug!("Expanding transform buffers");
-                    transforms.expand_buffers(device);
-                }
-            }
-
             if let Some((mesh_han, mesh_epoch)) = mesh_pair {
                 if let Some(mesh) = mesh_han.data_ref() {
                     // if process mesh did not just create a new mesh, and the epoch
@@ -377,41 +315,19 @@ impl Node for MeshPrepNode {
                         self.check_mesh_buffers(device, queue, &mut mesh_buffers, &mesh_han);
                     }
 
-                    let group = TransformGroup::EntityRes(entity, mesh_han.uuid());
-                    let transform_id = transforms.update_or_push(
-                        device,
-                        queue,
-                        &render_limits,
-                        group,
-                        interp_transform.calculate_mat4(),
-                        glam::Mat3::from_quat(interp_transform.rotation),
-                    );
-
                     let material = mesh.material.as_ref().unwrap().data_ref().unwrap();
                     let shader = material.shader_uuid.unwrap_or(0);
-                    let job = RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), transform_id);
+                    let job = RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), *transform_index);
                     render_meshes.push_back(job);
                 }
             }
 
             if let Some((scene_han, scene_epoch)) = scene_pair {
                 if let Some(scene) = scene_han.data_ref() {
-                    if scene_epoch == last_epoch {
+                    for (mesh_han, transform_index) in
-                        let view = scene.world().view::<(
+                        scene.world().view_iter::<(&MeshHandle, &TransformIndex)>()
-                            Entities,
-                            &mut WorldTransform,
-                            &Transform,
-                            Not<Has<RelationOriginComponent<ChildOf>>>,
-                        )>();
-                        lyra_scene::system_update_world_transforms(scene.world(), view).unwrap();
-                    }
-
-                    for (mesh_han, pos) in
-                        scene.world().view_iter::<(&MeshHandle, &WorldTransform)>()
                     {
                         if let Some(mesh) = mesh_han.data_ref() {
-                            let mesh_interpo = interp_transform + **pos;
-
                             // if process mesh did not just create a new mesh, and the epoch
                             // shows that the scene has changed, verify that the mesh buffers
                             // dont need to be resent to the gpu.
@@ -434,35 +350,16 @@ impl Node for MeshPrepNode {
                                 );
                             }
 
-                            let scene_mesh_group =
-                                TransformGroup::Res(scene_han.uuid(), mesh_han.uuid());
-                            let group = TransformGroup::OwnedGroup(entity, scene_mesh_group.into());
-                            let transform_id = transforms.update_or_push(
-                                device,
-                                queue,
-                                &render_limits,
-                                group,
-                                mesh_interpo.calculate_mat4(),
-                                glam::Mat3::from_quat(mesh_interpo.rotation),
-                            );
-
                             let material = mesh.material.as_ref().unwrap().data_ref().unwrap();
                             let shader = material.shader_uuid.unwrap_or(0);
-                            let job = RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), transform_id);
+                            let job =
+                                RenderJob::new(entity, shader, mesh_han.uuid(), *transform_index);
                             render_meshes.push_back(job);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        for (en, interp) in component_queue {
-            world.insert(en, interp);
-        }
-
-        let mut transforms = world.get_resource_mut::<TransformBuffers>()
-            .expect("world missing TransformBuffers resource");
-        transforms.send_to_gpu(queue);
     }
 
     fn execute(

lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/mod.rs

@@ -26,4 +26,7 @@ mod shadows;
 pub use shadows::*;
 
 mod mesh_prepare;
-pub use mesh_prepare::*;
+pub use mesh_prepare::*;
+
+mod transform;
+pub use transform::*;

lyra-game/src/render/graph/passes/transform.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+use lyra_ecs::{
+    query::{
+        filter::{Has, Not, Or},
+        Entities, TickOf,
+    },
+    relation::{ChildOf, RelationOriginComponent},
+    Component, Entity,
+};
+use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
+use lyra_math::Transform;
+use lyra_resource::ResHandle;
+use lyra_scene::{SceneGraph, WorldTransform};
+use tracing::debug;
+
+use crate::{
+    render::{
+        graph::{Node, NodeDesc, NodeType},
+        transform_buffer_storage::{TransformBuffers, TransformIndex},
+    },
+    DeltaTime,
+};
+
+/// An interpolated transform.
+/// 
+/// This transform is interpolated between frames to make movement appear smoother when the
+/// transform is updated less often than rendering.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Component)]
+pub struct InterpTransform {
+    last_transform: Transform,
+    alpha: f32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, RenderGraphLabel)]
+pub struct TransformsNodeLabel;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct TransformsNode {}
+
+impl TransformsNode {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+fn process_component_queue(world: &mut lyra_ecs::World, component_queue: Vec<(Entity, Option<InterpTransform>, Option<TransformIndex>)>) {
+    for (en, interp, index) in component_queue {
+        println!("writing index {:?} for entity {}", index, en.id().0);
+
+        match (interp, index) {
+            (None, None) => unreachable!(),
+            (None, Some(index)) => world.insert(en, index),
+            (Some(interp), None) => world.insert(en, interp),
+            (Some(interp), Some(index)) => world.insert(en, (interp, index)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn update_transforms(
+    device: &wgpu::Device,
+    queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+    limits: &wgpu::Limits,
+    world: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+    delta_time: DeltaTime,
+    buffers: &mut TransformBuffers,
+    parent_transform: Transform,
+) {
+    let current_tick = world.current_tick();
+    let mut component_queue = vec![];
+
+    let view = world.view_iter::<(
+        Entities,
+        Or<&WorldTransform, &Transform>,
+        Option<&mut InterpTransform>,
+        Option<&TransformIndex>,
+        Option<(&ResHandle<SceneGraph>, TickOf<ResHandle<SceneGraph>>)>,
+    )>();
+
+    for (entity, transform, interp_tran, transform_index, scene_graph) in view {
+        // expand the transform buffers if they need to be.
+        if buffers.needs_expand() {
+            debug!("Expanding transform buffers");
+            buffers.expand_buffers(device);
+        }
+
+        // Get the world transform of the entity, else fall back to the transform
+        let transform = match transform {
+            (None, None) => unreachable!(),
+            (None, Some(t)) => *t,
+            (Some(wt), None) => **wt,
+            // Assume world transform since it *should* be updated by world systems
+            (Some(wt), Some(_)) => **wt,
+        };
+        // offset this transform by its parent
+        let transform  = transform + parent_transform;
+
+        // Interpolate the transform for this entity using a component.
+        // If the entity does not have the component then it will be queued to be added
+        // to it after all the entities are prepared for rendering.
+        let transform = match interp_tran {
+            Some(mut interp_transform) => {
+                // found in https://youtu.be/YJB1QnEmlTs?t=472
+                interp_transform.alpha = 1.0 - interp_transform.alpha.powf(*delta_time);
+
+                interp_transform.last_transform = interp_transform
+                    .last_transform
+                    .lerp(transform, interp_transform.alpha);
+                interp_transform.last_transform
+            }
+            None => {
+                let interp = InterpTransform {
+                    last_transform: transform,
+                    alpha: 0.5,
+                };
+                component_queue.push((entity, Some(interp), None));
+                transform
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Get the TransformIndex from the entity, or reserve a new one if the entity doesn't have
+        // the component.
+        let index = match transform_index {
+            Some(i) => *i,
+            None => {
+                let i = buffers.reserve_transform(&device);
+                debug!(
+                    "Reserved transform index {:?} for entity {}",
+                    i,
+                    entity.id().0
+                );
+
+                component_queue.push((entity, None, Some(i)));
+                i
+            }
+        };
+
+        // TODO: only update if the transform changed.
+        buffers.update(
+            &queue,
+            index,
+            transform.calculate_mat4(),
+            glam::Mat3::from_quat(transform.rotation),
+        );
+
+        if let Some((scene, scene_tick)) = scene_graph {
+            if let Some(mut scene) = scene.data_mut() {
+                if *scene_tick + 1 >= *current_tick {
+                    // Must manually call the world transform update system for scenes
+                    // TODO: Separate gltf from lyra-resource so lyra-scene can depend on resource to
+                    // query for scenes in the system.
+                    let view = scene.world().view::<(
+                        Entities,
+                        &mut WorldTransform,
+                        &Transform,
+                        Not<Has<RelationOriginComponent<ChildOf>>>,
+                    )>();
+                    lyra_scene::system_update_world_transforms(scene.world(), view).unwrap();
+                }
+
+                update_transforms(
+                    device,
+                    queue,
+                    limits,
+                    scene.world_mut(),
+                    delta_time,
+                    buffers,
+                    transform,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    process_component_queue(world, component_queue);
+}
+
+impl Node for TransformsNode {
+    fn desc(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+    ) -> crate::render::graph::NodeDesc {
+        NodeDesc::new(NodeType::Node, None, vec![])
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        world: &mut lyra_ecs::World,
+        context: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+        let device = &context.device;
+        let queue = &context.queue;
+        let render_limits = device.limits();
+
+        // prepare the world with resources
+        if !world.has_resource::<TransformBuffers>() {
+            let buffers = TransformBuffers::new(device);
+            world.add_resource(buffers);
+        }
+
+        // I have to do this weird garbage to borrow the `TransformBuffers`
+        // without running into a borrow checker error from passing `world` as mutable.
+        // This is safe since I know that the recursive function isn't accessing this
+        // TransformBuffers, or any other ones in other worlds.
+        let buffers = world.get_resource_data::<TransformBuffers>()
+            .map(|r| r.clone()).unwrap();
+        let mut buffers = buffers.get_mut();
+        let dt = world.get_resource::<DeltaTime>().unwrap().clone();
+
+        update_transforms(
+            &device,
+            &queue,
+            &render_limits,
+            world,
+            dt,
+            &mut buffers,
+            Transform::default(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraph,
+        _: &crate::render::graph::NodeDesc,
+        _: &mut crate::render::graph::RenderGraphContext,
+    ) {
+    }
+}

lyra-game/src/render/renderer.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use lyra_game_derive::RenderGraphLabel;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument, warn};
 use winit::window::Window;
 
-use crate::render::graph::{BasePass, BasePassLabel, BasePassSlots, FxaaPass, FxaaPassLabel, LightBasePass, LightBasePassLabel, LightCullComputePass, LightCullComputePassLabel, MeshPass, MeshPrepNode, MeshPrepNodeLabel, MeshesPassLabel, PresentPass, PresentPassLabel, RenderGraphLabelValue, RenderTarget, ShadowMapsPass, ShadowMapsPassLabel, SubGraphNode, ViewTarget};
+use crate::render::graph::{BasePass, BasePassLabel, BasePassSlots, FxaaPass, FxaaPassLabel, LightBasePass, LightBasePassLabel, LightCullComputePass, LightCullComputePassLabel, MeshPass, MeshPrepNode, MeshPrepNodeLabel, MeshesPassLabel, PresentPass, PresentPassLabel, RenderGraphLabelValue, RenderTarget, ShadowMapsPass, ShadowMapsPassLabel, SubGraphNode, TransformsNode, TransformsNodeLabel, ViewTarget};
 
 use super::graph::RenderGraph;
 use super::{resource::RenderPipeline, render_job::RenderJob};
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl BasicRenderer {
 
         let adapter = instance.request_adapter(
             &wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
-                power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::default(),
+                power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
                 compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
                 force_fallback_adapter: false,
             },
@@ -148,15 +148,20 @@ impl BasicRenderer {
             
             debug!("Adding light cull compute pass");
             forward_plus_graph.add_node(LightCullComputePassLabel, LightCullComputePass::new(size));
+
+            debug!("Adding Transforms node");
+            forward_plus_graph.add_node(TransformsNodeLabel, TransformsNode::new());
             
-            debug!("Adding mesh pass");
+            debug!("Adding shadow maps pass");
             forward_plus_graph.add_node(ShadowMapsPassLabel, ShadowMapsPass::new(&device));
             
+            debug!("Adding mesh prep node");
             let mesh_prep = MeshPrepNode::new(&device);
             let material_bgl = mesh_prep.material_bgl.clone();
             forward_plus_graph.add_node(MeshPrepNodeLabel, mesh_prep);
+            debug!("Adding mesh pass");
             forward_plus_graph.add_node(MeshesPassLabel, MeshPass::new(material_bgl));
-
+            forward_plus_graph.add_edge(TransformsNodeLabel, MeshPrepNodeLabel);
 
             forward_plus_graph.add_edge(LightBasePassLabel, LightCullComputePassLabel);
             forward_plus_graph.add_edge(LightCullComputePassLabel, MeshesPassLabel);

lyra-game/src/render/shaders/2d/sprite_main.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+const ALPHA_CUTOFF = 0.1;
+
+struct VertexInput {
+    @location(0) position: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) tex_coords: vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+struct VertexOutput {
+    @builtin(position) clip_position: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0) tex_coords: vec2<f32>,
+    @location(1) world_position: vec3<f32>,
+}
+
+struct TransformData {
+    transform: mat4x4<f32>,
+    normal_matrix: mat4x4<f32>,
+}
+
+struct CameraUniform {
+    view: mat4x4<f32>,
+    inverse_projection: mat4x4<f32>,
+    view_projection: mat4x4<f32>,
+    projection: mat4x4<f32>,
+    position: vec3<f32>,
+    tile_debug: u32,
+}
+
+@group(1) @binding(0)
+var<uniform> u_model_transform_data: TransformData;
+
+@group(2) @binding(0)
+var<uniform> u_camera: CameraUniform;
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(
+    in: VertexInput,
+) -> VertexOutput {
+    var out: VertexOutput;
+    var world_position: vec4<f32> = u_model_transform_data.transform * vec4<f32>(in.position, 1.0);
+    out.world_position = world_position.xyz;
+    out.tex_coords = in.tex_coords;
+    out.clip_position = u_camera.view_projection * world_position;
+    return out;
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var t_diffuse: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var s_diffuse: sampler;
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let object_color: vec4<f32> = textureSample(t_diffuse, s_diffuse, in.tex_coords);
+    if (object_color.a < ALPHA_CUTOFF) {
+        discard;
+    }
+
+    return object_color;
+}

lyra-game/src/render/transform_buffer_storage.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 use std::{collections::{HashMap, VecDeque}, hash::{BuildHasher, DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher, RandomState}, num::NonZeroU64, sync::Arc};
 
-use lyra_ecs::Entity;
+use lyra_ecs::{Component, Entity};
 use tracing::instrument;
 use uuid::Uuid;
-use wgpu::Limits;
 
 use std::mem;
 
-use crate::render::avec::AVec;
-
 /// A group id created from a [`TransformGroup`].
 /// 
 /// This is mainly created so that [`TransformGroup::OwnedGroup`] can use another group inside of it.
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ pub enum TransformGroup {
 }
 
 /// The index of a specific Transform inside of the buffers.
-#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Component)]
 pub struct TransformIndex {
     /// The index of the entry in the buffer chain.
     entry_index: usize,
@@ -70,9 +67,6 @@ struct BufferEntry {
     pub len: usize,
     pub bindgroup: wgpu::BindGroup,
     pub buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
-    transforms: AVec<TransformNormalMatPair>,
-    //pub normal_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
-
 }
 
 /// A HashMap that caches values for reuse.
@@ -166,8 +160,6 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Clone, V: Clone, S: BuildHasher> CachedValMap<K,
 /// update, and retrieve the transforms.
 pub struct TransformBuffers {
     pub bindgroup_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
-    //groups: CachedValMap<TransformGroupId, TransformIndex>,
-    //groups: SlotMap<TransformGroupId, TransformIndex>,
     entries: Vec<BufferEntry>,
     limits: wgpu::Limits,
     max_transform_count: usize,
@@ -208,40 +200,14 @@ impl TransformBuffers {
         s
     }
 
-    /// Write the transform buffers to the gpu.
+    /// Reserve a transform index.
     /// 
-    /// This uses [`wgpu::Queue::write_buffer`], so the write is not immediately submitted,
+    /// The buffer chain may expand if its required
-    /// and instead enqueued internally to happen at the start of the next submit() call.
+    pub fn reserve_transform(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device) -> TransformIndex {
-    #[instrument(skip(self, queue))]
-    pub fn send_to_gpu(&mut self, queue: &wgpu::Queue) {
-        self.next_index = 0;
-
-        for entry in &mut self.entries {
-            entry.len = 0;
-
-            let p = entry.transforms.as_ptr();
-            let bytes = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, entry.transforms.len() * entry.transforms.align()) };
-
-            queue.write_buffer(&entry.buffer, 0, bytes);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Update an existing transform group or if its not existing yet, pushes it to the buffer.
-    /// 
-    /// Returns: the index that the transform is at in the buffers.
-    #[instrument(skip(self, device, queue, limits, group, transform, normal_matrix))]
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn update_or_push(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, limits: &Limits, group: TransformGroup, transform: glam::Mat4, normal_matrix: glam::Mat3) -> TransformIndex
-    {   
-        // maybe will be used at some point again
-        let _ = (queue, limits, group);
-        
-        let normal_matrix = glam::Mat4::from_mat3(normal_matrix);
-        
         let index = self.next_index;
         self.next_index += 1;
         
-        // the index of the entry to put the transform into
+        // the index of the transform buffer
         let entry_index = index / self.max_transform_count;
         // the index of the transform in the buffer
         let transform_index = index % self.max_transform_count;
@@ -251,20 +217,28 @@ impl TransformBuffers {
         }
 
         let entry = self.entries.get_mut(entry_index).unwrap();
-
-        // write the transform and normal to the end of the transform
-        entry.transforms.set_at(transform_index, TransformNormalMatPair {
-            transform,
-            normal_mat: normal_matrix,
-        });
         entry.len += 1;
 
         TransformIndex {
-            entry_index: 0,
+            entry_index,
-            transform_index: index,
+            transform_index,
         }
     }
 
+    /// Updates a Transform at `index`.
+    #[instrument(skip(self, queue, index, transform, normal_matrix))]
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn update(&mut self, queue: &wgpu::Queue, index: TransformIndex, transform: glam::Mat4, normal_matrix: glam::Mat3) {
+        let pair = TransformNormalMatPair {
+            transform,
+            normal_mat: glam::Mat4::from_mat3(normal_matrix),
+        };
+
+        let entry = self.entries.get(index.entry_index).expect("invalid entry index, no entry!");
+        let offset = self.buffer_offset(index);
+        queue.write_buffer(&entry.buffer, offset as _, bytemuck::bytes_of(&pair));        
+    }
+
     /// Expand the Transform buffers by adding another uniform buffer binding.
     /// 
     /// This object has a chain of uniform buffers, when the buffers are expanded, a new
@@ -302,18 +276,10 @@ impl TransformBuffers {
             label: Some("BG_Transforms"),
         });
 
-        let mut transforms = AVec::new(limits.min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment as _);
-        transforms.resize(self.max_transform_count, TransformNormalMatPair {
-            transform: glam::Mat4::IDENTITY,
-            normal_mat: glam::Mat4::IDENTITY,
-        });
-
         let entry = BufferEntry {
             bindgroup,
             buffer: transform_buffer,
             len: 0,
-
-            transforms,
         };
         self.entries.push(entry);
     }

lyra-game/src/render/vertex.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ pub struct Vertex {
     pub position: glam::Vec3,
     pub tex_coords: glam::Vec2,
     pub normals: glam::Vec3,
-    //pub color: [f32; 3], // TODO: add color again
 }
 
 impl Vertex {
@@ -58,4 +57,38 @@ impl DescVertexBufferLayout for Vertex {
             ]
         }
     }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
+pub struct Vertex2D {
+    pub position: glam::Vec3,
+    pub tex_coords: glam::Vec2,
+}
+
+impl Vertex2D {
+    pub fn new(position: glam::Vec3, tex_coords: glam::Vec2) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            position, tex_coords
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn desc<'a>() -> wgpu::VertexBufferLayout<'a> {
+        wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+            array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<Vertex>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
+            attributes: &[
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    shader_location: 0,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3, // Vec3
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<glam::Vec3>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 1,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2, // Vec2
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    }
 }

lyra-game/src/sprite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use lyra_ecs::Component;
+use lyra_reflect::Reflect;
+use lyra_resource::ResHandle;
+use lyra_math::{Vec3, Vec2};
+
+/// How the sprite is positioned and rotated relative to its [`Transform`].
+/// 
+/// Default pivot is `Pivot::Center`, this makes it easier to rotate the sprites.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Default, Component, Reflect)]
+pub enum Pivot {
+    #[default]
+    Center,
+    CenterLeft,
+    CenterRight,
+    TopLeft,
+    TopRight,
+    TopCenter,
+    BottomLeft,
+    BottomRight,
+    BottomCenter,
+    /// A custom anchor point relative to top left.
+    /// Top left is `(0.0, 0.0)`.
+    Custom(Vec2)
+}
+
+impl Pivot {
+    /// Get the pivot point as a Vec2.
+    /// 
+    /// The point is offset from the top left `(0.0, 0.0)`.
+    pub fn as_vec(&self) -> Vec2 {
+        match self {
+            Pivot::Center => Vec2::new(0.5, 0.5),
+            Pivot::CenterLeft => Vec2::new(0.0, 0.5),
+            Pivot::CenterRight => Vec2::new(1.0, 0.5),
+            Pivot::TopLeft => Vec2::ZERO,
+            Pivot::TopRight => Vec2::new(1.0, 0.0),
+            Pivot::TopCenter => Vec2::new(0.0, 0.5),
+            Pivot::BottomLeft => Vec2::new(0.0, 1.0),
+            Pivot::BottomRight => Vec2::new(1.0, 1.0),
+            Pivot::BottomCenter => Vec2::new(0.5, 1.0),
+            Pivot::Custom(v) => *v,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Component, Reflect)]
+pub struct Sprite {
+    pub texture: ResHandle<lyra_resource::Texture>,
+    pub color: Vec3,
+    pub pivot: Pivot,
+}

lyra-resource/src/resource.rs

@@ -67,6 +67,39 @@ impl ResourceState {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct ResourceDataRefMut<'a, T> {
+    guard: std::sync::RwLockWriteGuard<'a, UntypedResource>,
+    _marker: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: 'static> std::ops::Deref for ResourceDataRefMut<'a, T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        match &self.guard.state {
+            ResourceState::Ready(d) => {
+                // for some reason, if I didn't use `.as_ref`, the downcast would fail.
+                let d = d.as_ref().as_any();
+                d.downcast_ref::<T>().unwrap()
+            },
+            _ => unreachable!() // ResHandler::data_ref shouldn't allow this to run
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: 'static> std::ops::DerefMut for ResourceDataRefMut<'a, T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        match &mut self.guard.state {
+            ResourceState::Ready(d) => {
+                // for some reason, if I didn't use `.as_ref`, the downcast would fail.
+                let d = d.as_mut().as_any_mut();
+                d.downcast_mut::<T>().unwrap()
+            },
+            _ => unreachable!() // ResHandler::data_ref shouldn't allow this to run
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct ResourceDataRef<'a, T> {
     guard: std::sync::RwLockReadGuard<'a, UntypedResource>,
     _marker: PhantomData<T>,
@@ -310,6 +343,18 @@ impl<T: ResourceData> ResHandle<T> {
             None
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn data_mut<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<ResourceDataRefMut<'a, T>> {
+        if self.is_loaded() {
+            let d = self.handle.write();
+            Some(ResourceDataRefMut {
+                guard: d,
+                _marker: PhantomData::<T>
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: ResourceData> ResourceStorage for ResHandle<T> {

lyra-scene/src/lib.rs

@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ impl SceneGraph {
     pub fn world(&self) -> &World {
         &self.world
     }
+
+    pub fn world_mut(&mut self) -> &mut World {
+        &mut self.world
+    }
 }
 
 /// Add a node under a parent node.