pclass: Implement casters between primitives and json object

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake)
 set(RAPIDXML_INCLUDE_DIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party)
 add_library(RapidXML INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(RapidXML INTERFACE ${RAPIDXML_INCLUDE_DIR})
+set(JSON_INCLUDE_DIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party)
+add_library(JSON INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(JSON INTERFACE ${JSON_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
 find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)
 include_directories(${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRS})
@@ -19,7 +22,7 @@ target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME}
 	PUBLIC
 		${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
 )
-target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} RapidXML ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} RapidXML JSON ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES})
 
 add_subdirectory("src/dml")
 add_subdirectory("src/pclass")

include/ki/pclass/Casters.h

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <json.hpp>
+#include "ki/pclass/Value.h"
+#include "ki/pclass/types/EnumType.h"
+
+namespace ki
+{
+namespace pclass
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+	/**
+	 * A utility to call ValueCaster::declare<SrcT, DestT> with
+	 * bi<N> and bui<N> as the destination type.
+	 * 
+	 * N is automatically decremented until it reaches 0.
+	 */
+	template <typename T, int N = 7>
+	struct bit_integer_declarer
+	{
+		static void declare()
+		{
+			bit_integer_declarer<T, N - 1>::declare();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bi<N>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bui<N>>();
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Specialization for bit_integer_declarer.
+	 * Stop decrementing N when it reaches 0.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	struct bit_integer_declarer<T, 0>
+	{
+		static void declare() {}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether a type can be assigned to a
+	 * nlohmann::json object.
+	 */
+	template <typename SrcT, typename Enable = void>
+	struct is_json_assignable : std::false_type {};
+
+	/**
+	 * All fundamental types can be assigned to a json object.
+	 */
+	template <typename SrcT>
+	struct is_json_assignable<
+		SrcT,
+		typename std::enable_if<std::is_fundamental<SrcT>::value>::type
+	> : std::true_type {};
+
+	/**
+	 * std::string can be assigned to a json object.
+	 */
+	template <>
+	struct is_json_assignable<std::string> : std::true_type {};
+
+	/**
+	 * value_caster specialization for the generic case of casting
+	 * any json-assignable value to a json object.
+	 */
+	template <typename SrcT>
+	struct value_caster<
+		SrcT, nlohmann::json,
+		typename std::enable_if<is_json_assignable<SrcT>::value>::type
+	>
+		: value_caster_impl<SrcT, nlohmann::json>
+	{
+		Value cast(const Value &value) const override
+		{
+			const nlohmann::json j = value.get<SrcT>();
+			return Value::make_value<nlohmann::json>(j);
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * value_caster specialization for casting bi<N> and bui<N>
+	 * to a json object.
+	 */
+	template <int N, bool Unsigned>
+	struct value_caster<
+		BitInteger<N, Unsigned>, nlohmann::json
+	>
+		: value_caster_impl<BitInteger<N, Unsigned>, nlohmann::json>
+	{
+		using type = typename std::conditional<
+			Unsigned,
+			typename bits<N>::uint_type,
+			typename bits<N>::int_type
+		>::type;
+
+		Value cast(const Value &value) const override
+		{
+			const nlohmann::json j = static_cast<type>(
+				value.get<BitInteger<N, Unsigned>>()
+			);
+			return Value::make_value<nlohmann::json>(j);
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * value_caster specialization for casting enums to a json object.
+	 */
+	template <typename SrcT>
+	struct value_caster<
+		SrcT, nlohmann::json,
+		typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<SrcT>::value>::type
+	>
+		: value_caster_impl<SrcT, nlohmann::json>
+	{
+		using underlying_type = typename std::underlying_type<SrcT>::type;
+
+		Value cast(const Value &value) const override
+		{
+			const auto underlying_value =
+				static_cast<underlying_type>(value.get<SrcT>());
+			const nlohmann::json j = underlying_value;
+			return Value::make_value<nlohmann::json>(j);
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * value_caster specialization for casting enums to bit integer types.
+	 */
+	template <
+		typename SrcT,
+		int N, bool Unsigned
+	>
+	struct value_caster<
+		SrcT, BitInteger<N, Unsigned>,
+		typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<SrcT>::value>::type
+	>
+		: value_caster_impl<SrcT, nlohmann::json>
+	{
+		using underlying_type = typename std::underlying_type<SrcT>::type;
+
+		Value cast(const Value &value) const override
+		{
+			const auto underlying_value =
+				static_cast<underlying_type>(value.get<SrcT>());
+			const auto bit_value = BitInteger<N, Unsigned>(underlying_value);
+			return Value::make_value<BitInteger<N, Unsigned>>(bit_value);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+	struct string_cast_t
+	{
+		using type = T;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Writing a int8_t or uint8_t value to a stream will
+	 * write a ASCII character, rather than an integer, so
+	 * we cast to int16_t/uint16_t before writing.
+	 */
+	template <>
+	struct string_cast_t<int8_t>
+	{
+		using type = int16_t;
+	};
+	template <>
+	struct string_cast_t<uint8_t>
+	{
+		using type = uint16_t;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Enums should be written as 32-bit integers.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	struct string_cast_t<
+		T,
+		typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<T>::value>::type
+	>
+	{
+		using type = enum_value_t;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Caster implementation for casting any type to string
+	 * via std::ostringstream.
+	 */
+	template <typename SrcT>
+	struct value_caster<SrcT, std::string>
+		: value_caster_impl<SrcT, std::string>
+	{
+		Value cast(const Value &value) const override
+		{
+			std::ostringstream oss;
+			auto casted_value = static_cast<
+				typename string_cast_t<SrcT>::type
+			>(value.get<SrcT>());
+			oss << casted_value;
+			return Value::make_value<std::string>(oss.str());
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Utility class used by TypeSystem to declare casters for each
+	 * primitive type.
+	 */
+	template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+	struct caster_declarer
+	{
+		static void declare() {}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * caster_declarer specialization for all integral types.
+	 * Integers can cast to other integer types, as well as floating point
+	 * integers, std::string and nlohmann::json.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	struct caster_declarer<
+		T,
+		typename std::enable_if<is_integral<T>::value>::type
+	>
+	{
+		static void declare()
+		{
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bool>();
+			bit_integer_declarer<T>::declare();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int8_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int16_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bi<24>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int32_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int64_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint8_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint16_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bui<24>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint32_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint64_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, float>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, double>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, std::string>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, nlohmann::json>();
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * caster_declarer specialization for all floating point types.
+	 * Floating point integers can cast to all integer types, as well as
+	 * std::string and nlohmann::json.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	struct caster_declarer<
+		T,
+		typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>::type
+	>
+	{
+		static void declare()
+		{
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bool>();
+			bit_integer_declarer<T, 7>::declare();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int8_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int16_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bi<24>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int32_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int64_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint8_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint16_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bui<24>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint32_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint64_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, float>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, double>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, std::string>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, nlohmann::json>();
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * caster_declarer specialization for enum types.
+	 * Enums can be cast to any integer type, as well as std::string,
+	 * and nlohmann::json.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	struct caster_declarer<
+		T,
+		typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<T>::value>::type
+	>
+	{
+		static void declare()
+		{
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bool>();
+			bit_integer_declarer<T, 7>::declare();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int8_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int16_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bi<24>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int32_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, int64_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint8_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint16_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, bui<24>>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint32_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, uint64_t>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, std::string>();
+			ValueCaster::declare<T, nlohmann::json>();
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * caster_declarer specialization for string.
+	 * Strings can be cast to UTF-16 strings, and json objects.
+	 */
+	template <>
+	struct caster_declarer<std::string>
+	{
+		static void declare()
+		{
+			// TODO: Casting string to u16string
+			ValueCaster::declare<std::string, nlohmann::json>();
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * caster_declarer specialization for UTF-16 strings.
+	 * UTF-16 strings can be cast to strings, and json objects.
+	 */
+	template <>
+	struct caster_declarer<std::u16string>
+	{
+		static void declare()
+		{
+			// TODO: Casting u16string to string
+			ValueCaster::declare<std::u16string, nlohmann::json>();
+		}
+	};
+}
+}
+}

include/ki/pclass/StaticProperty.h

@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ namespace pclass
 			return ValueT(prop.m_value);
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
+		{
+			// Return a reference to the property's value
+			return Value::make_reference<ValueT>(prop.m_value);
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
 		{
 			// ValueT does not derive from PropertyClass, and so, this property is not
@@ -80,6 +86,8 @@ namespace pclass
 		>::type
 	>
 	{
+		using nonpointer_type = typename std::remove_pointer<ValueT>::type;
+
 		static ValueT construct(const Type &type)
 		{
 			// The default value of pointers is null
@@ -93,6 +101,11 @@ namespace pclass
 			return prop.m_value;
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
+		{
+			return Value::make_reference<nonpointer_type>(*prop.m_value);
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
 		{
 			// ValueT does not derive from PropertyClass, and so, this property is not
@@ -140,6 +153,8 @@ namespace pclass
 		>::type
 	>
 	{
+		using nonpointer_type = typename std::remove_pointer<ValueT>::type;
+
 		static ValueT construct(const Type &type)
 		{
 			// The default value of pointers is null
@@ -153,6 +168,11 @@ namespace pclass
 			return prop.m_value;
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
+		{
+			return Value::make_reference<nonpointer_type>(*prop.m_value);
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
 		{
 			// ValueT does derive from PropertyClass, and we have a pointer to an instance
@@ -215,6 +235,11 @@ namespace pclass
 			delete value_ptr;
 			return value;
 		}
+		
+		static Value get_value(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
+		{
+			return Value::make_reference<ValueT>(prop.m_value);
+		}
 
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
 		{
@@ -313,6 +338,11 @@ namespace pclass
 			return value_object_helper<ValueT>::copy(prop);
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
+		{
+			return value_object_helper<ValueT>::get_value(prop);
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const StaticProperty<ValueT> &prop)
 		{
 			return value_object_helper<ValueT>::get_object(prop);
@@ -381,7 +411,7 @@ namespace pclass
 
 		Value get_value() const override
 		{
-			return Value::make_reference(m_value);
+			return value_helper<ValueT>::get_value(*this);
 		}
 
 		const PropertyClass *get_object() const override

include/ki/pclass/TypeSystem.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "ki/pclass/types/PrimitiveType.h"
 #include "ki/pclass/types/ClassType.h"
 #include "ki/pclass/types/EnumType.h"
+#include "ki/pclass/Casters.h"
 
 namespace ki
 {
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ namespace pclass
 		template <typename ValueT>
 		PrimitiveType<ValueT> &define_primitive(const std::string &name)
 		{
+			detail::caster_declarer<ValueT>::declare();
 			auto *type = new PrimitiveType<ValueT>(name, *this);
 			define_type(std::unique_ptr<Type>(
 				dynamic_cast<Type *>(type)
@@ -50,9 +52,12 @@ namespace pclass
 			return define_class<ClassT>(name, &base_class);
 		}
 
+		EnumType &define_enum(const std::string &name);
+
 		template <typename EnumT>
 		CppEnumType<EnumT> &define_enum(const std::string &name)
 		{
+			detail::caster_declarer<EnumT>::declare();
 			auto *type = new CppEnumType<EnumT>(name, *this);
 			define_type(std::unique_ptr<Type>(
 				dynamic_cast<Type *>(type)
@@ -83,6 +88,8 @@ namespace pclass
 		ClassType<ClassT> &define_class(
 			const std::string &name, const Type *base_class)
 		{
+			detail::caster_declarer<ClassT>::declare();
+
 			// If the caller does not specify a base class, automatically make
 			// ki::pclass::PropertyClass the base class (if it has been defined)
 			if (base_class == nullptr && has_type("class PropertyClass"))

include/ki/pclass/Value.h

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ namespace pclass
 
 	namespace detail
 	{
-		template <typename SrcT, typename DestT>
+		template <
+			typename SrcT, typename DestT,
+			typename SrcEnable = void, typename DestEnable = void
+		>
 		struct value_caster;
 
 		/**
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ namespace pclass
 		 * A static lookup used to find appropriate casters at runtime.
 		 * Contains SrcT -> Caster elements.
 		 */
-		static std::unordered_map<std::size_t, ValueCaster *> s_caster_lookup;
+		static std::unordered_map<std::size_t, ValueCaster *> *s_caster_lookup;
 
 		const std::type_info *m_src_type;
 		std::unordered_map<std::size_t, detail::value_caster_base *> m_casts;
@@ -175,11 +178,14 @@ namespace pclass
 		template <typename SrcT>
 		static ValueCaster &get()
 		{
+			if (!s_caster_lookup)
+				s_caster_lookup = new std::unordered_map<std::size_t, ValueCaster *>();
+
 			const auto &src_type = typeid(SrcT);
 			const auto src_type_hash = src_type.hash_code();
-			if (s_caster_lookup.find(src_type_hash) == s_caster_lookup.end())
-				s_caster_lookup[src_type_hash] = new ValueCaster(src_type);
-			return *s_caster_lookup[src_type_hash];
+			if (s_caster_lookup->find(src_type_hash) == s_caster_lookup->end())
+				(*s_caster_lookup)[src_type_hash] = new ValueCaster(src_type);
+			return *s_caster_lookup->at(src_type_hash);
 		}
 
 		template <typename SrcT, typename DestT>
@@ -388,7 +394,10 @@ namespace pclass
 		/**
 		 * TODO: Documentation
 		 */
-		template <typename SrcT, typename DestT>
+		template <
+			typename SrcT, typename DestT,
+			typename SrcEnable, typename DestEnable
+		>
 		struct value_caster : value_caster_impl<SrcT, DestT>
 		{
 			Value cast(const Value &value) const override

include/ki/pclass/VectorProperty.h

@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@ namespace pclass
 			return ValueT(prop.at(index));
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
+		{
+			// Ensure index is within bounds
+			if (index < 0 || index >= prop.size())
+				throw runtime_error("Index out of bounds.");
+			return Value::make_reference(prop.at(index));
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
 		{
 			// ValueT does not derive from PropertyClass, and so, this property is not
@@ -82,6 +90,14 @@ namespace pclass
 			return prop.at(index);
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
+		{
+			// Ensure index is within bounds
+			if (index < 0 || index >= prop.size())
+				throw runtime_error("Index out of bounds.");
+			return Value::make_reference(*prop.at(index));
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
 		{
 			// ValueT does not derive from PropertyClass, and so, this property is not
@@ -126,6 +142,14 @@ namespace pclass
 			return prop.at(index);
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
+		{
+			// Ensure index is within bounds
+			if (index < 0 || index >= prop.size())
+				throw runtime_error("Index out of bounds.");
+			return Value::make_reference(*prop.at(index));
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
 		{
 			// Ensure index is within bounds
@@ -185,6 +209,14 @@ namespace pclass
 			return value;
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
+		{
+			// Ensure index is within bounds
+			if (index < 0 || index >= prop.size())
+				throw runtime_error("Index out of bounds.");
+			return Value::make_reference(prop.at(index));
+		}
+
 		static const PropertyClass *get_object(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, const int index)
 		{
 			// Ensure index is within bounds
@@ -300,6 +332,12 @@ namespace pclass
 			return vector_value_object_helper<ValueT>::get_object(prop, index);
 		}
 
+		static Value get_value(const VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop,
+			const int index)
+		{
+			return vector_value_object_helper<ValueT>::get_value(prop, index);
+		}
+
 		static void set_object(VectorProperty<ValueT> &prop, 
 			std::unique_ptr<PropertyClass> &object, const int index)
 		{
@@ -364,7 +402,7 @@ namespace pclass
 		{
 			if (index < 0 || index >= this->size())
 				throw runtime_error("Index out of bounds.");
-			return Value::make_reference(this->at(index));
+			return vector_value_helper<ValueT>::get_value(*this, index);
 		}
 
 		const PropertyClass *get_object(const int index) const override

include/ki/pclass/types/StringPrimitiveType.h

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace ki
@@ -7,6 +8,9 @@ namespace pclass
 {
 namespace detail
 {
+	/**
+	 * primitive_type_helper specialization for string types.
+	 */
 	template <
 		typename _Elem,
 		typename _Traits,

src/pclass/TypeSystem.cpp

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ namespace ki
 {
 namespace pclass
 {
-	template <int N>
-	void define_bit_integer_primitive(pclass::TypeSystem &type_system)
+	template <int N = 7>
+	void define_bit_integer_primitive(TypeSystem &type_system)
 	{
 		define_bit_integer_primitive<N - 1>(type_system);
 
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ namespace pclass
 		type_system.define_primitive<bui<N>>(oss.str());
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Specialization for define_bit_integer_primitive.
+	 * Stop decrementing N when it reaches 0.
+	 */
 	template <>
 	void define_bit_integer_primitive<0>(TypeSystem &type_system) {}
 
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ namespace pclass
 		define_primitive<uint64_t>("gid");
 
 		// Define bit-integer types
-		define_bit_integer_primitive<7>(*this);
+		define_bit_integer_primitive(*this);
 		define_primitive<bi<24>>("s24");
 		define_primitive<bui<24>>("u24");
 
@@ -118,6 +122,15 @@ namespace pclass
 		return *it->second;
 	}
 
+	EnumType &TypeSystem::define_enum(const std::string& name)
+	{
+		auto *type = new EnumType(name, *this);
+		define_type(std::unique_ptr<Type>(
+			dynamic_cast<Type *>(type)
+		));
+		return *type;
+	}
+
 	void TypeSystem::define_type(std::unique_ptr<Type> type)
 	{
 		// Does a type with this name already exist?

src/pclass/Value.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ namespace ki
 {
 namespace pclass
 {
+	// Initialize the static lookup map
+	std::unordered_map<std::size_t, ValueCaster *> *ValueCaster::s_caster_lookup = nullptr;
+
 	namespace detail
 	{
 		Value value_caster_base::cast(const Value &v) const
@@ -109,8 +112,5 @@ namespace pclass
 			m_deallocator.deallocate(m_value_ptr);
 		m_value_ptr = nullptr;
 	}
-
-	// Initialize the static lookup map
-	std::unordered_map<std::size_t, ValueCaster *> ValueCaster::s_caster_lookup = {};
 }
 }